Müller M H, Reimann-Berg N, Bullerdiek J, Murua Escobar H
Klinik für Kleintiere, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover.
Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere. 2012;40(1):55-8.
The results of cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic investigations revealed similarities in genetic background and biological behaviour between tumours and genetic diseases of humans and dogs. These findings classify the dog a good and accepted model for human cancers such as osteosarcomas, mammary carcinomas, oral melanomas and others. With the appearance of new studies and advances in canine genome sequencing, the number of known homologies in diseases between these species raised and still is expected to increase. In this context, array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) provides a novel tool to rapidly characterize numerical aberrations in canine tumours or to detect copy number aberrations between different breeds. As it is possible to spot probes covering the whole genome on each chip to discover copy number aberrations of all chromosomes simultaneously, this method is time-saving and cost-effective - considering the relation of costs and the amount of data obtained. Complemented with traditional methods like karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses, the aCGH is able to provide new insights into the underlying causes of canine carcinogenesis.
细胞遗传学和分子细胞遗传学研究结果显示，人类和犬类的肿瘤与遗传疾病在遗传背景和生物学行为方面存在相似性。这些发现表明，犬类是骨肉瘤、乳腺癌、口腔黑色素瘤等人类癌症的良好且公认的模型。随着新研究的出现以及犬类基因组测序的进展，这两个物种之间已知的疾病同源性数量有所增加，并且预计仍会上升。在此背景下，基于芯片的比较基因组杂交（aCGH）提供了一种新工具，可快速表征犬类肿瘤中的数量畸变或检测不同品种之间的拷贝数畸变。由于在每个芯片上都可以点样覆盖整个基因组的探针，从而能够同时发现所有染色体的拷贝数畸变，考虑到成本与所获数据量的关系，该方法既节省时间又具有成本效益。与传统方法如核型分析和荧光原位杂交（FISH）分析相结合，aCGH能够为犬类致癌作用的潜在原因提供新的见解。
