Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, c/ Severo Ochoa, s/n 18071 Granada, Spain.
Am J Bot. 2012 Mar;99(3):517-28. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1100374. Epub 2012 Feb 14.
Little research has been done at the molecular level on the tribe Fumarieae (Papaveraceae). Papaveraceae is a model plant group for studying evolutionary patterns despite the lack of a reference phylogeny for this tribe. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships within the tribe to complete the molecular data for this family in order to help understand its character evolution and biogeographic pattern.
We used maximum-parsimony and Bayesian approaches to analyze five DNA regions for 25 species representing 10 of the 11 Fumarieae genera and five outgroups. Evolutionary pathways of four characters (habit, life span, type of fruit, and number of seeds per fruit) were inferred on the phylogeny using parsimony. The ancestral distribution areas were reconstructed using dispersal-vicariance analysis.
Fumarieae is monophyletic and includes three groups that agree with the morphology-based subtribes: Discocapninae, Fumariinae, and Sarcocapninae. Within subtribes, the relationships among genera were different from those obtained with morphological data. Annual life span, nonchasmophytic habit, and a several-seeded capsule were the basal character states for the tribe. The ancestor occupied a continuous area between West Eurasia and Africa. Vicariances explain the divergence between lineages Discocapninae (South Africa) and Fumariinae-Sarcocapninae (Mediterranean), and the disjunction of Fumariinae (Mediterranean-Central Asia).
Molecular phylogeny confirms the subtribal classification of Fumarieae based on morphology. However it provides different results regarding the relationships among genera within each subtribe, which affects the inference of the evolutionary pathway followed by the four selected characters. The disjunct distribution of the tribe is explained by different vicariance scenarios.
在分子水平上，对罂粟科（罂粟科）的族 Fumarieae 进行的研究很少。尽管该族缺乏参考系统发育，但罂粟科是研究进化模式的模式植物群。我们研究了该族内的系统发育关系，以完成该科的分子数据，以帮助了解其特征进化和生物地理模式。
我们使用最大简约法和贝叶斯方法分析了代表 11 个 Fumarieae 属中的 10 个和 5 个外群的 25 个物种的 5 个 DNA 区域。使用简约法在系统发育树上推断了四个特征（习性、寿命、果实类型和每果种子数）的进化途径。使用扩散-分歧分析重建了祖先分布区。
Fumarieae 是单系的，包括与形态基属下的三个亚族一致的三个组：Discocapninae、Fumariinae 和 Sarcocapninae。在亚族内，属之间的关系与形态数据获得的关系不同。一年生寿命、非腔生习性和几个种子的蒴果是该族的基本特征状态。祖先占据了西欧亚和非洲之间的连续区域。分歧解释了 Discocapninae（南非）和 Fumariinae-Sarcocapninae（地中海）之间的谱系分歧，以及 Fumariinae（地中海-中亚）的不连续分布。
分子系统发育证实了基于形态的 Fumarieae 的亚族分类。然而，它提供了关于每个亚族内属之间关系的不同结果，这影响了对四个选定特征所遵循的进化途径的推断。该族的间断分布是由不同的分歧情景解释的。
