Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Poult Sci. 2012 Mar;91(3):604-15. doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01829.
We studied the effects of a concurrent challenge on slow-growing broilers with 1) airborne particles of 2 sizes: fine dust (smaller than 2.5 microns) and coarse dust (between 2.5 and 10 microns) that were directly collected from a broiler house and 2) lipopolysaccharide on intratracheal immunizations with the specific antigen human serum albumin (HuSA) and measured primary and secondary systemic (total) antibody responses and (isotype-specific) IgM, IgG, and IgA responses at 3 and 7 wk of age. All treatments affected immune responses at several ages, heart morphology, and BW gain, albeit the latter only temporarily. Dust particles significantly decreased primary antibody (IgT and IgG) responses to HuSA at 3 wk of age but enhanced IgM responses to HuSA at 7 wk of age. Dust particles decreased secondary antibody responses to HuSA, albeit not significantly. All of the birds that were challenged with dust particles showed decreased BW gain after the primary but not after the secondary challenge. Relative heart weight was significantly decreased in birds challenged with coarse dust, fine dust, lipopolysaccharide, and HuSA at 3 wk of age, but not in birds challenged at 7 wk of age. Morphology (weight, width, and length) of hearts were also affected by the dust challenge at 3 wk of age. The present results indicate that airborne dust particles obtained from a broiler house when intratracheally administered at an early age affect specific humoral immune responsiveness and BW gain of broilers to simultaneously administered antigens differently than when administered at a later age. The hygienic status of broiler houses at a young age may be of importance for growth and immune responsiveness, and consequently, for vaccine efficacy and disease resistance in broilers. The consequences of our findings are discussed.
我们研究了 1）两种大小的空气传播颗粒：直接从肉鸡舍收集的细尘（小于 2.5 微米）和粗尘（2.5 至 10 微米之间），2）脂多糖对用特定抗原人血清白蛋白（HuSA）进行气管内免疫接种的生长缓慢的肉鸡的影响，并在 3 周和 7 周龄时测量了初级和次级全身（总）抗体反应和（同种型特异性）IgM、IgG 和 IgA 反应。所有处理均在多个年龄段、心脏形态和体重增加方面影响免疫反应，尽管后者只是暂时的。尘埃颗粒显著降低了 3 周龄肉鸡对 HuSA 的初级抗体（IgT 和 IgG）反应，但增强了 7 周龄肉鸡对 HuSA 的 IgM 反应。尘埃颗粒降低了对 HuSA 的次级抗体反应，尽管不显著。所有接受尘埃颗粒挑战的鸟类在初级挑战后而不是在次级挑战后体重增加减少。3 周龄时，接受粗尘、细尘、脂多糖和 HuSA 挑战的鸟类的相对心脏重量显著降低，但 7 周龄时没有降低。尘埃挑战还影响了 3 周龄时心脏的形态（重量、宽度和长度）。目前的结果表明，在早期经气管内给予来自肉鸡舍的空气传播尘埃颗粒会影响同时给予的抗原对肉鸡的特异性体液免疫反应性和体重增加，与在后期给予时不同。肉鸡舍在早期的卫生状况可能对生长和免疫反应性很重要，从而对肉鸡的疫苗效力和疾病抵抗力产生影响。我们的研究结果的后果进行了讨论。
