Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2013 Feb;60(1):27-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01315.x. Epub 2012 Feb 15.
Trading of aquatic animals and aquatic animal products has become increasingly globalized during the last couple of decades. This commodity trade has increased the risk for the spread of aquatic animal pathogens. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) is recognized as the international standard-setting organization for measures relating to international trade in animals and animal products. In this role, OIE has developed the Aquatic Animal Health Code, which provides health measures to be used by competent authorities of importing and exporting countries to avoid the transfer of agents pathogenic for animals or humans, whilst avoiding unjustified sanitary barriers. An OIE ad hoc group developed criteria for assessing the safety of aquatic animals or aquatic animal products for any purpose from a country, zone or compartment not declared free from a given disease 'X'. The criteria were based on the absence of the pathogenic agent in the traded commodity or inactivation of the pathogenic agent by the commercial processing used to produce the commodity. The group also developed criteria to assess the safety of aquatic animals or aquatic animal products for retail trade for human consumption from potentially infected areas. Such commodities were assessed considering the form and presentation of the product, the expected volume of waste tissues generated by the consumer and the likely presence of viable pathogenic agent in the waste. The ad hoc group applied the criteria to commodities listed in the individual disease chapters of the Aquatic Animal Health Code (2008 edition). Revised lists of commodities for which no additional measures should be required by the importing countries regardless of the status for disease X of the exporting country were developed and adopted by the OIE World Assembly of Delegates in May 2011. The rationale of the criteria and their application will be explained and demonstrated using examples.
在过去几十年中，水生动物和水生动物产品的交易日益全球化。这种商品贸易增加了水生动物病原体传播的风险。世界动物卫生组织（OIE）被公认为与动物和动物产品国际贸易有关的措施的国际标准制定组织。在这一角色中，OIE 制定了《水生动物卫生法典》，为进出口国的主管当局提供了卫生措施，以避免传播对动物或人类致病的病原体，同时避免不合理的卫生壁垒。OIE 特别小组制定了从未宣布无特定疾病“X”的国家、地区或隔离区评估水生动物或水生动物产品用于任何目的的安全性的标准。这些标准基于交易商品中不存在致病剂或商业加工灭活了致病剂。该小组还制定了评估潜在受感染地区用于零售贸易供人类食用的水生动物或水生动物产品安全性的标准。在考虑产品的形式和展示、消费者产生的废物组织的预期量以及废物中是否存在存活的致病剂的情况下，对这些商品进行了评估。特别小组将这些标准应用于《水生动物卫生法典》（2008 年版）各疾病章节中列出的商品。修订后的不应对进口国要求采取任何额外措施的商品清单已制定并由 OIE 世界代表大会于 2011 年 5 月通过。将解释和演示标准的原理及其应用。
