Department of Forensic Sciences and Drug Monitoring, Drug Control Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
J Anal Toxicol. 2012 Mar;36(2):88-95. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkr023.
Over the last 10-15 years, γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and γ-butyrolactone have become increasingly popular "club drugs", but they have also gained attention as potential agents of drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA). Several studies have attempted to characterize GHB's pharmacokinetic properties in humans, and the aim of this paper is to build on this research with an emphasis on DFSA cases. A 25 mg/kg dose of GHB was given to 12 GHB-naïve volunteers (6 men and 6 women). Urine and blood samples (serum and whole blood) were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following liquid-liquid extraction. The urinary T(max) was 1 h in 11 volunteers with a mean C(max) of 67.6 mg/L (32.6-161.3 mg/L). Urinary concentrations rapidly decreased to < 10 mg/L (interpretive limit) for 11 volunteers after just 4 h. Data derived from whole blood (mean C(max) = 48.0 mg/L, T(max) = 24.6 min) closely matched that from serum (mean C(max) = 59.4 mg/L, T(max) = 23.3 min), suggesting GHB is distributed into erythrocytes. All 12 volunteers had GHB concentrations of less than 5 mg/L in both whole blood and serum after 3 h. Results verify the rapid elimination of GHB and the limited retrospective power of a concentration-based approach to prove GHB administration in blood and urine and confirm that, in DFSA cases, samples should be collected as soon as possible.
在过去的 10-15 年中，γ-羟基丁酸（GHB）和γ-丁内酯已成为越来越受欢迎的“俱乐部药物”，但它们也因可能成为药物性性侵犯（DFSA）的辅助剂而受到关注。已有多项研究试图对人体中的 GHB 药代动力学特性进行特征描述，本文的目的是在这些研究的基础上进行进一步的探讨，重点关注 DFSA 案例。12 名 GHB -naive 志愿者（6 名男性和 6 名女性）每人给予 25mg/kg 的 GHB 剂量。采集尿液和血液样本（血清和全血），并通过液-液萃取后用气相色谱-质谱法进行分析。11 名志愿者的尿液 T(max)为 1 小时，平均 C(max)为 67.6mg/L（32.6-161.3mg/L）。4 小时后，11 名志愿者的尿液浓度迅速降至<10mg/L（解释性限值）以下。全血（平均 C(max)=48.0mg/L，T(max)=24.6 分钟）得出的数据与血清（平均 C(max)=59.4mg/L，T(max)=23.3 分钟）非常匹配，表明 GHB 分布于红细胞中。所有 12 名志愿者在 3 小时后，全血和血清中的 GHB 浓度均<5mg/L。结果验证了 GHB 的快速消除，以及基于浓度的方法在证明血液和尿液中 GHB 给药的回顾性能力有限，并确认在 DFSA 案例中，应尽快采集样本。
