Poljicanin Tamara, Sekerija Mario, Boras Jozo, Canecki-Varzić Silvija, Metelko Zeljko, Kern Josipa, Vuletić Silvije
University of Zagreb, Merkur University Hospital, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic, Zagreb, Croatia.
Coll Antropol. 2012 Jan;36 Suppl 1:35-40. doi: 10.5671/ca.2012361s.35.
This prospective study of 1277 participants investigated patient risk self-assessment, motivation for changes in main determinants of the metabolic syndrome and the impact of community nursing intervention on cardiovascular risk reduction. Observed values of metabolic syndrome determinants indicated an elevated cardiovascular risk. Participants showed greatest motivation for positive changes regarding blood pressure, (3.70 +/- 1.26) then hyperglycemia (3.55 +/- 1.28), hyperlipidemia (3.46 +/- 1.30), overweight and obesity (3.43 +/- 1.28), and physical activity habits (3.29 +/- 1.31). Changes in physical activity and nutritional habits were not related to self-reported motivation regardless of the age and sex (p > 0.05). The most pronounced median improvements were observed in cholesterol (men 4.43%, women 4.89%) and triglycerides (men 3.41%, women 1.49%), with only slight changes in BMI (men 1.08%, women 1.18%) and no change in waist-to-hip ratio and glucose. This study revealed that, although aware and motivated, patients often do not succeed in changing habits. Concomitant changes of the environment and multisectoral prevention approach is necessary.
这项针对1277名参与者的前瞻性研究调查了患者的风险自我评估、代谢综合征主要决定因素变化的动机以及社区护理干预对降低心血管风险的影响。代谢综合征决定因素的观察值表明心血管风险升高。参与者对血压方面积极改变的动机最强，为(3.70±1.26)，其次是高血糖(3.55±1.28)、高脂血症(3.46±1.30)、超重和肥胖(3.43±1.28)以及体育活动习惯(3.29±1.31)。无论年龄和性别，体育活动和营养习惯的改变与自我报告的动机均无关(p>0.05)。胆固醇(男性4.43%，女性4.89%)和甘油三酯(男性3.41%，女性1.49%)的改善最为明显，体重指数仅有轻微变化(男性1.08%，女性1.18%)，腰臀比和血糖无变化。这项研究表明，尽管患者有认识且有动机，但往往无法成功改变习惯。环境的同步改变和多部门预防方法是必要的。
