Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
J Physiother. 2012;58(1):58. doi: 10.1016/S1836-9553(12)70074-7.
QUESTION: Does eccentric muscle training of hamstring muscles reduce the rate of hamstring injuries in male soccer players? DESIGN: Cluster randomised, controlled trial with concealed allocation. SETTING: The 5 top men's soccer divisions in Denmark. PARTICIPANTS: First team squad soccer players from teams in the top 5 national soccer divisions were included. Players who joined a team after the start of the trial were excluded. Randomisation of 54 teams allocated 26 to the intervention group and 28 to a control group. INTERVENTIONS: Both groups followed their usual training program. In addition, the intervention group completed 27 sessions of the eccentric hamstring muscle training in a 10-week period during the midseason break, and once a week in the second half of the season. The hamstring exercise (the Nordic curl) involves the player using hamstrings to resist forward falling of the trunk from a kneeling position. Players completed 2-3 sets of 5-12 repetitions of the exercise for 1-3 sessions per week. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the number of overall, new, and recurrent acute hamstring injuries during one full soccer season. A hamstring injury was defined as any acute physical complaint in the region of the posterior thigh sustained during a soccer match or training. Recurrence of an injury already reported in the trial period was not included to avoid recording the same injury more than once. RESULTS: 50 teams with 942 players completed the study. At the end of the season, there had been 15 hamstring injuries (12 new, 3 recurrent) in the eccentric hamstring exercise group and 52 injuries (32 new, 20 recurrent) in the control group. The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent 1 hamstring injury (new or recurrent) was 13 (95% CI 9 to 23). The NNT to prevent 1 new injury was 25 (95% CI 15 to 72) and the NNT for recurrent injury was 3 (95% CI 2 to 6). Apart from short term muscle soreness no adverse events were reported in the exercise group. CONCLUSION: An eccentric strengthening exercise program for the hamstring muscles that can be performed during training can help prevent hamstring injuries in soccer players.
问题：离心性腘绳肌训练是否会降低男性足球运动员腘绳肌损伤的发生率？
设计：整群随机对照试验，设盲分组。
地点：丹麦 5 个顶级男子足球联赛。
参与者：入选的是来自顶级 5 个国家足球联赛的一线队球员。从试验开始后加入球队的球员被排除在外。对 54 支球队进行随机分组，26 支球队分入干预组，28 支球队分入对照组。
干预：两组均遵循常规训练方案。此外，干预组在赛季中期休息期间的 10 周内完成 27 次离心性腘绳肌训练，在赛季后半段每周进行 1 次。腘绳肌运动（北欧卷曲）包括球员利用腘绳肌抵抗从跪地姿势向前摔倒的力量。球员每周完成 2-3 组 5-12 次重复的运动，1-3 次/周。
结局指标：主要结局指标是整个足球赛季中总体、新发和复发性急性腘绳肌损伤的数量。腘绳肌损伤的定义是在足球比赛或训练中发生在后大腿区域的任何急性身体投诉。在试验期间已经报告的损伤的复发不包括在内，以避免重复记录同一损伤。
结果：50 支球队的 942 名球员完成了研究。在赛季结束时，离心性腘绳肌运动组发生 15 例腘绳肌损伤（12 例新发，3 例复发），对照组发生 52 例（32 例新发，20 例复发）。预防 1 例腘绳肌损伤（新发或复发）所需的治疗人数（NNT）为 13（95%CI 9 至 23）。预防 1 例新发损伤的 NNT 为 25（95%CI 15 至 72），预防复发损伤的 NNT 为 3（95%CI 2 至 6）。除短期肌肉酸痛外，运动组无不良事件报告。
结论：在足球运动员中，一种可以在训练期间进行的离心性腘绳肌强化运动方案可以帮助预防腘绳肌损伤。
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