University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0905, USA.
Tob Control. 2012 Mar;21(2):110-8. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050371.
This paper reviews the literature on smoking cessation interventions, with a focus on the last 20 years (1991 to 2010). These two decades witnessed major development in a wide range of cessation interventions, from pharmacotherapy to tobacco price increases. It was expected that these interventions would work conjointly to increase the cessation rate on the population level. This paper examines population data from the USA, from 1991 to 2010, using the National Health Interview Surveys. Results indicate there is no consistent trend of increase in the population cessation rate over the last two decades. Various explanations are presented for this lack of improvement, and the key concept of impact = effectiveness × reach is critically examined. Finally, it suggests that the field of cessation has focused so much on developing and promoting interventions to improve smokers' odds of success that it has largely neglected to investigate how to get more smokers to try to quit and to try more frequently. Future research should examine whether increasing the rate of quit attempts would be key to improving the population cessation rate.
本文回顾了戒烟干预措施的文献，重点是过去 20 年（1991 年至 2010 年）的研究。这二十年见证了广泛的戒烟干预措施的重大发展，从药物治疗到烟草价格上涨。人们期望这些干预措施能够共同作用，提高人口水平的戒烟率。本文使用国家健康访谈调查（National Health Interview Surveys）的数据，考察了 1991 年至 2010 年美国的人口数据。结果表明，在过去的二十年中，人口戒烟率并没有呈现出一致的上升趋势。针对这一缺乏改善的现象，提出了各种解释，并批判性地考察了影响=有效性×触及率的关键概念。最后，本文建议，戒烟领域如此专注于开发和推广干预措施，以提高吸烟者成功的几率，以至于在很大程度上忽视了如何让更多的吸烟者尝试戒烟，以及更频繁地尝试戒烟。未来的研究应该考察增加戒烟尝试率是否是提高人口戒烟率的关键。
