Seidman D S, Ever-Hadani P, Gale R
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Dec;76(6):1046-50.
The incidence of congenital anomalies was examined by the level of maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy for 17,152 infants. A multiple regression analysis was used to control for the possible confounding effects of maternal age, formal education, ethnic origin, religion, marital status, parity, social class, and work outside the home. Neither maternal nor paternal smoking habits were significantly associated with the occurrence of congenital malformations. Maternal age was significantly (P less than .005) related to the incidence of major anomalies. Mothers aged 35 years and older who smoked were found to have a significantly (P less than .002) higher risk for minor malformations and a nonsignificantly increased rate of major malformations. Maternal cigarette smoking may be an important preventable risk factor for congenital anomalies among mothers aged 35 years or older.
针对17152名婴儿，研究了孕期母亲和父亲吸烟水平与先天性异常的发生率之间的关系。采用多元回归分析来控制母亲年龄、正规教育程度、种族、宗教、婚姻状况、产次、社会阶层以及外出工作等可能的混杂效应。母亲和父亲的吸烟习惯均与先天性畸形的发生无显著关联。母亲年龄与主要异常的发生率显著相关（P < 0.005）。发现年龄在35岁及以上且吸烟的母亲出现轻微畸形的风险显著更高（P < 0.002），主要畸形的发生率虽有升高但无统计学意义。母亲吸烟可能是35岁及以上母亲发生先天性异常的一个重要可预防风险因素。
