Habelt Susanne, Hasler Carol Claudius, Steinbrück Klaus, Majewski Martin
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel;
Orthop Rev (Pavia). 2011 Sep 6;3(2):e18. doi: 10.4081/or.2011.e18. Epub 2011 Nov 7.
In spite of the wide range of injuries in adolescents during sports activities, there are only a few studies investigating the type and frequency of sport injuries in puberty. However, this information may help to prevent, diagnose and treat sports injuries among teens. 4468 injuries in adolescent patients were treated over a ten year period of time: 66,97% were boys and 32.88% girls. The most frequent sports injuries were football (31.13%) followed by handball (8.89%) and sports during school (8.77%). The lower extremity was involved in 68.71% of the cases. Knee problems were seen in 29.79% of the patients; 2.57% spine and 1.99% head injuries. Injuries consisted primarily of distortions (35.34%) and ligament tears (18.76%); 9,00% of all injuries were fractures. We found more skin wounds (6:1) and fractures (7:2) in male patients compared to females. The risk of ligament tears was highest during skiing. Three of four ski injuries led to knee problems. Spine injuries were observed most often during horse riding (1:6). Head injuries were seen in bicycle accidents (1:3). Head injuries were seen in male patients much more often then in female patients (21:1). Fractures were noted during football (1:9), skiing (1:9), inline (2:3), and during school sports (1:11). Many adolescents participate in various sports. Notwithstanding the methodological problems with epidemiological data, there is no doubt about the large number of athletes sustain musculoskeletal injuries, sometimes serious. In most instances, the accident does not happened during professional sports and training. Therefore, school teachers and low league trainer play an important role preventing further accidence based on knowledge of individual risk patterns of different sports.It is imperative to provide preventive medical check-ups, to monitor the sport-specific needs for each individual sports, to observe the training skills as well as physical fitness needed and to evaluation coaches education.
尽管青少年在体育活动中会受到各种各样的伤害，但针对青春期运动损伤的类型和频率进行调查的研究却为数不多。然而，这些信息可能有助于预防、诊断和治疗青少年的运动损伤。在十年时间里，共治疗了4468例青少年患者的损伤：其中男孩占66.97%，女孩占32.88%。最常见的运动损伤是足球（31.13%），其次是手球（8.89%）和学校体育活动中的损伤（8.77%）。68.71%的病例涉及下肢。29.79%的患者出现膝盖问题；2.57%为脊柱损伤，1.99%为头部损伤。损伤主要包括扭伤（35.34%）和韧带撕裂（18.76%）；所有损伤中有9.00%为骨折。与女性患者相比，我们发现男性患者的皮肤伤口（6:1）和骨折（7:2）更多。韧带撕裂的风险在滑雪时最高。四分之三的滑雪损伤会导致膝盖问题。脊柱损伤最常发生在骑马时（1:6）。头部损伤多见于自行车事故（1:3）。男性患者的头部损伤比女性患者多得多（21:1）。骨折见于足球运动（1:9）时、滑雪（1:9）时、轮滑（2:3）时以及学校体育活动中（1:11）。许多青少年参与各种体育运动。尽管流行病学数据存在方法学问题，但毫无疑问，大量运动员会遭受肌肉骨骼损伤，有时还很严重。在大多数情况下，事故并非发生在职业体育和训练期间。因此，学校教师和低级别联赛教练基于对不同运动个体风险模式的了解，在预防进一步事故方面发挥着重要作用。提供预防性医疗检查、监测每个个体运动的特定运动需求、观察所需的训练技能以及身体素质，并评估教练教育至关重要。
