Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Occupational Medicine, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.
Contact Dermatitis. 2012 May;66(5):286-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.02036.x. Epub 2012 Feb 24.
Contact allergy to cocamidopropyl betaine has been attributed to its impurities dimethylaminopropylamine and cocamidopropyl dimethylamine.
To describe patients with positive patch test reactions to cocamidopropyl betaine-related compounds in an occupational dermatology clinic.
We reviewed the 2002-2009 patch test records at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health for allergic reactions to cocamidopropyl betaine, dimethylaminopropylamine, cocamidopropyl dimethylamine, and oleamidopropyl dimethylamine. Results. Irritant reactions to at least one of the test substances were seen in 39% of the 1092 patients tested. Fifteen (1.3%) patients showed allergic reactions: 13 to cocamidopropyl dimethylamine, 11 to dimethylaminopropylamine, 8 to oleamidopropyl dimethylamine, and 2 to cocamidopropyl betaine. Concomitant reactions to cocamidopropyl dimethylamine, dimethylaminopropylamine and oleamidopropyl dimethylamine were common. Ten of the 15 patients were diagnosed with occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by cocamidopropyl betaine-related compounds. The sources of occupational exposure included hair care products, hair colours, perm wave solutions, and liquid soaps. Multiple contact allergies and exposure to several irritant factors were common, and all patients had hand eczema.
Patch test reactions to cocamidopropyl betaine-related compounds are difficult to interpret, owing to extremely common irritant reactions. Cocamidopropyl betaine itself is probably not an allergen. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by cocamidopropyl betaine-related compounds is relatively rare and, unlike non-occupational cocamidopropyl betaine-related allergy, typically manifests as hand dermatitis.
椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的接触过敏归因于其杂质二甲基氨基丙胺和椰油酰胺丙基二甲胺。
描述在职业皮肤科诊所中对椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱相关化合物呈阳性斑贴试验反应的患者。
我们回顾了芬兰职业健康研究所 2002-2009 年对椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、二甲基氨基丙胺、椰油酰胺丙基二甲胺和油酰胺丙基二甲胺过敏反应的斑贴试验记录。结果：在接受测试的 1092 名患者中，有 39%至少对一种测试物质出现了刺激性反应。有 15 名（1.3%）患者出现了过敏反应：13 名对椰油酰胺丙基二甲胺，11 名对二甲基氨基丙胺，8 名对油酰胺丙基二甲胺，2 名对椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱。椰油酰胺丙基二甲胺、二甲基氨基丙胺和油酰胺丙基二甲胺的同时反应很常见。这 15 名患者中有 10 名被诊断为职业性过敏接触性皮炎，由椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱相关化合物引起。职业接触源包括护发产品、染发剂、烫发溶液和液体皂。常见的是多种接触过敏和接触多种刺激性因素，所有患者都患有手部湿疹。
由于极其常见的刺激性反应，椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱相关化合物的斑贴试验反应难以解释。椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱本身可能不是过敏原。由椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱相关化合物引起的职业性过敏接触性皮炎相对罕见，与非职业性椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱相关过敏不同，通常表现为手部皮炎。
