Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc., and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, c/o Columbia Addiction Services and Psychotherapy Intervention, 3 Columbus Circle, New York, NY 10019, USA.
Addict Behav. 2012 May;37(5):587-95. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.01.022. Epub 2012 Feb 9.
Due to the aging of the population, there is renewed focus on the public health issues of middle-aged and older adults. One area of such focus is unhealthy drinking, and researchers seek to understand the unique developmental risk and protective factors among those entering older adulthood. Retirement has been hypothesized as a contributing factor in the onset and maintenance of unhealthy drinking in late life. This review describes the relevant theories and critically reviews empirical evidence that explores the relationship between alcohol and retirement drawn from both the industrial and organizational psychology and substance misuse literatures.
Using four research databases, thirteen studies published in the last 25years that investigated the relationship of retirement and alcohol use and met specific selection criteria were reviewed.
The literature suggests that retirement may not have a strong direct impact on drinking behaviors or problems, but attributes of the process (e.g. retirement voluntariness) of transition to retirement and individual attributes, such as having a history of problem drinking, may facilitate or inhibit drinking.
Future research should delve into the social context of drinking in retirement with a goal of understanding the aspects and conditions of retirement that increase risk of alcohol problems. Investigation should also examine heterogeneity in retirement drinking patterns with a goal of identifying subpopulations that are at greater risk.
由于人口老龄化，人们重新关注中年和老年人的公共卫生问题。其中一个关注的领域是不健康的饮酒行为，研究人员试图了解进入老年期的人所面临的独特发展风险和保护因素。退休被假设为导致晚年不健康饮酒的一个因素。本综述描述了相关理论，并批判性地回顾了来自工业和组织心理学以及物质滥用文献中探索酒精与退休之间关系的实证证据。
使用四个研究数据库，回顾了过去 25 年中发表的 13 项研究，这些研究调查了退休与饮酒行为和问题之间的关系，并符合特定的选择标准。
文献表明，退休可能对饮酒行为或问题没有强烈的直接影响，但退休过渡过程的属性（例如退休的自愿性）和个体属性，如有饮酒问题史，可能会促进或抑制饮酒。
未来的研究应该深入研究退休后的饮酒社会背景，旨在了解增加酒精问题风险的退休方面和条件。还应调查退休饮酒模式的异质性，以确定风险更大的亚人群。
