Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2012 May;18(3):271-8. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e328351f8d4.
The first era in the discoveries of respiratory viruses occured between 1933 and 1965 when influenza virus, enteroviruses, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus and coronavirus (CoV) were found by virus culture. In the 1990s, the development of high throughput viral detection and diagnostics instruments increased diagnostic sensitivity and enabled the search for new viruses. This article briefly reviews the clinical significance of newly discovered respiratory viruses.
In 2001, the second era in the discoveries of respiratory viruses began, and several new respiratory viruses and their subgroups have been found: human metapneumovirus, CoVs NL63 and HKU1, human bocavirus and human rhinovirus C and D groups.
Currently, a viral cause of pediatric respiratory illness is identifiable in up to 95% of cases, but the detection rates decrease steadily by age, to 30-40% in the elderly. The new viruses cause respiratory illnesses such as common cold, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia. Rarely, acute respiratory failure may occur. The clinical role of other new viruses, KI and WU polyomaviruses and the torque teno virus, as respiratory pathogens is not clear.
发现呼吸道病毒的第一个时代是在 1933 年至 1965 年之间，当时通过病毒培养发现了流感病毒、肠道病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、鼻病毒、副流感病毒和冠状病毒（CoV）。20 世纪 90 年代，高通量病毒检测和诊断仪器的发展提高了诊断灵敏度，并使寻找新病毒成为可能。本文简要回顾了新发现的呼吸道病毒的临床意义。
2001 年，发现呼吸道病毒的第二个时代开始，发现了几种新的呼吸道病毒及其亚群：人偏肺病毒、CoVs NL63 和 HKU1、人博卡病毒和人鼻病毒 C 和 D 组。
目前，高达 95%的儿科呼吸道疾病可归因于病毒，但随着年龄的增长，检测率稳步下降，在老年人中降至 30-40%。新病毒可引起普通感冒、支气管炎、细支气管炎、哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病以及肺炎等呼吸道疾病。极少数情况下会发生急性呼吸衰竭。其他新病毒，如 KI 和 WU 多瘤病毒和扭转型肠病毒作为呼吸道病原体的临床作用尚不清楚。
