School of Engineering, Design and Technology, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012 Apr;403(1):7-13. doi: 10.1007/s00216-012-5821-1. Epub 2012 Feb 26.
Research into paper-based sensors or functional materials that can perform analytical functions with active recognition capabilities is rapidly expanding, and significant research effort has been made into the design and fabrication of bioactive paper at the biosensor level to detect potential health hazards. A key step in the fabrication of bioactive paper is the design of the experimental and operational procedures for the immobilization of biomolecules such as antibodies, enzymes, phages, cells, proteins, synthetic polymers and DNA aptamers on a suitably prepared paper membrane. The immobilization methods are concisely categorized into physical absorption, bioactive ink entrapment, bioaffinity attachment and covalent chemical bonding immobilization. Each method has individual immobilization characteristics. Although every biomolecule-paper combination has to be optimized before use, the bioactive ink entrapment method is the most commonly used approach owing to its general applicability and biocompatibility. Currently, there are four common applications of bioactive paper: (1) paper-based bioassay or paper-based analytical devices for sample conditioning; (2) counterfeiting and countertempering in the packaging and construction industries; (3) pathogen detection for food and water quality monitoring; and (4) deactivation of pathogenic bacteria using antimicrobial paper. This article reviews and compares the different biomolecule immobilization techniques and discusses current trends. Current, emerging and future applications of bioactive paper are also discussed.
基于纸的传感器或具有主动识别功能的功能材料的研究正在迅速扩展，并且在生物传感器水平上设计和制造用于检测潜在健康危害的生物活性纸方面已经进行了大量研究。生物活性纸制造的关键步骤是设计实验和操作程序，以便将生物分子（如抗体、酶、噬菌体、细胞、蛋白质、合成聚合物和 DNA 适体）固定在适当制备的纸膜上。固定化方法可简要分为物理吸收、生物活性墨水包埋、生物亲和性附着和共价化学键合固定化。每种方法都有其独特的固定化特性。尽管在使用前必须对每种生物分子-纸张组合进行优化，但由于其通用性和生物相容性，生物活性墨水包埋法是最常用的方法。目前，生物活性纸有四个常见的应用：（1）用于样品调理的基于纸的生物测定或基于纸的分析装置；（2）包装和建筑行业的伪造和篡改；（3）用于食品和水质监测的病原体检测；（4）使用抗菌纸使病原菌失活。本文综述和比较了不同的生物分子固定化技术，并讨论了当前的趋势。还讨论了生物活性纸的当前、新兴和未来应用。
