Sarker Satyajit D, Nahar Lutfun
Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV11LY, UK.
Methods Mol Biol. 2012;864:1-25. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-624-1_1.
Natural products, well known for unique chemical diversity and bioactivity, have continued to offer templates for the development of novel scaffolds of drugs. With the remarkable developments in the areas of separation science, spectroscopic techniques, microplate-based ultrasensitive in vitro assays and high-throughput screening (HTS) technologies, natural products research has gained momentum in recent years. The pre-isolation analyses of crude extracts or fraction from different natural matrices, isolation, online detection and dereplication of natural products, studies on chemotaxonomy and biosynthesis, chemical finger-printing, quality control of herbal products, and metabolomic studies have now become much easier than ever before because of the availability of a number of modern sophisticated hyphenated techniques, e.g., GC-MS, LC-PDA, LC-MS, LC-FTIR, LC-NMR, LC-NMR-MS, and CE-MS. This introductory chapter presents a general overview of the processes involved in natural products research, starting from extraction and isolation to elucidation of the structures of purified natural products and their bioactivity.
天然产物以其独特的化学多样性和生物活性而闻名，一直为新型药物骨架的开发提供模板。随着分离科学、光谱技术、基于微孔板的超灵敏体外分析和高通量筛选（HTS）技术等领域的显著发展，近年来天然产物研究获得了新的动力。由于有许多现代精密联用技术，如气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC-MS）、液相色谱 - 光电二极管阵列检测（LC-PDA）、液相色谱 - 质谱联用（LC-MS）、液相色谱 - 傅里叶变换红外光谱联用（LC-FTIR）、液相色谱 - 核磁共振联用（LC-NMR）、液相色谱 - 核磁共振 - 质谱联用（LC-NMR-MS）和毛细管电泳 - 质谱联用（CE-MS），对来自不同天然基质的粗提物或馏分进行预分离分析、天然产物的分离、在线检测和去重复、化学分类学和生物合成研究、化学指纹图谱、草药产品质量控制以及代谢组学研究现在比以往任何时候都要容易得多。本章引言部分概述了天然产物研究涉及的过程，从提取和分离到纯化天然产物的结构阐明及其生物活性。
