HSG-IMIT - Institut für Mikro- und Informationstechnik der Hahn-Schickard-Gesellschaft e.V., Wilhelm-Schickard-Str. 10, 78052 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012 Nov;64(14):1617-27. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.02.003. Epub 2012 Feb 12.
This paper reviews miniaturized drug delivery systems applying osmotic principles for pumping. Osmotic micropumps require no electrical energy and consequently enable drug delivery systems of smallest size for a broad field of new applications. In contrast to common tablets, these pumps provide constant (zero-order) drug release rates. This facilitates systems for long term use not limited by gastrointestinal transit time and first-pass metabolism. The review focuses on parenteral routes of administration targeting drug delivery either in a site-specific or systemic way. Osmotic pumps consist of three building blocks: osmotic agent, solvent, and drug. This is used to categorize pumps into (i) single compartment systems using water from body fluids as solvent and the drug itself as the osmotic agent, (ii) two compartment systems employing a separate osmotic agent, and (iii) multi-compartment architectures employing solvent, drug and osmotic agent separately. In parallel to the micropumps, relevant applications and therapies are discussed.
本文综述了应用渗透原理的药物输送微型化系统。渗透微型泵不需要电能，因此能够为广泛的新应用提供最小尺寸的药物输送系统。与普通片剂不同，这些泵提供恒定（零级）的药物释放率。这有利于长期使用的系统，不受胃肠道转运时间和首过代谢的限制。本综述重点介绍了以局部或全身方式给药的肠外途径。渗透泵由三个组成部分组成：渗透剂、溶剂和药物。这将泵分为（i）使用体液作为溶剂和药物本身作为渗透剂的单腔系统，（ii）使用单独的渗透剂的双腔系统，和（iii）使用溶剂、药物和渗透剂分别的多腔结构。与微型泵并行，讨论了相关的应用和治疗。
