Tulchinsky T H, Abed Y, Ginsberg G, Shaheen S, Friedman J B, Schoenbaum M L, Slater P E
Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
Rev Infect Dis. 1990 Sep-Oct;12(5):951-8. doi: 10.1093/clinids/12.5.951.
Measles continues to occur in epidemic waves in Israel, Gaza, and the West Bank, causing morbidity and mortality. In Israel, immunization of infants against measles began in 1967, and 90% had been immunized by the mid-1980s. In Gaza and the West Bank, where immunization of infants against measles began in 1973 and 1976, respectively, the immunization rate reached 75% in the late 1970s and increased to greater than 90% in the 1980s. Measles epidemics, which previously had occurred in 5- to 7-year cycles, occurred every 2-4 years in the 1980s and affected individuals who were older than those affected in previous years. Israel's commitment to eradicating measles by 1992 will require a substantially expanded immunization program in comparison with the traditional program that requires immunization of infants alone. The benefits of several alternative immunization strategies considerably exceed their costs. A new, two-dose immunization will be needed as a minimal strategy, and a campaign for administering booster doses to school-aged children may be required as well to achieve control and eradication of measles. Measles is a serious but preventable public health problem; appropriate strategies must be devised by national and international public health officials to control the disease in developing and developed countries.
在以色列、加沙和西岸，麻疹疫情仍呈波浪式爆发，导致发病和死亡。在以色列，婴儿麻疹免疫接种始于1967年，到20世纪80年代中期，90%的婴儿已接种疫苗。在加沙和西岸，婴儿麻疹免疫接种分别始于1973年和1976年，20世纪70年代末免疫接种率达到75%，80年代升至90%以上。麻疹疫情以前每5至7年爆发一次，20世纪80年代每2至4年爆发一次，且受影响人群的年龄比以往更大。与仅要求婴儿接种疫苗的传统计划相比，以色列要在1992年前根除麻疹，就需要大幅扩大免疫接种计划。几种替代免疫策略的益处大大超过成本。作为最低限度的策略，需要一种新的两剂免疫接种方法，可能还需要开展一项为学龄儿童接种加强剂的运动，以实现对麻疹的控制和根除。麻疹是一个严重但可预防的公共卫生问题；国家和国际公共卫生官员必须制定适当策略，在发展中国家和发达国家控制该疾病。
