School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Psychol Health Med. 2012;17(2):235-54. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2011.579984. Epub 2011 Jun 30.
Although available for over a decade, use of nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) remains controversial in the United States. There are concerns over sexual assault survivors' adherence, or lack thereof, leading to increased costs without an appreciable decrease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. This review examines and synthesizes the available literature from the past 10 years to determine the true rates of provision and adherence to nPEP regimens in sexual assault survivors in low HIV prevalence, industrialized nations. Findings suggest that further prospective research is necessary to better understand the process of post-assault nPEP evaluation and subsequent follow-up and adherence.
虽然非职业性暴露后预防（nPEP）已经问世十余年，但它在美国的使用仍存在争议。人们担心性侵犯幸存者的依从性，或者缺乏依从性，这导致成本增加，而人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的传播并没有明显减少。本综述回顾并综合了过去 10 年的现有文献，以确定在 HIV 低流行的工业化国家中，性侵犯幸存者中 nPEP 方案的实际提供和依从率。研究结果表明，有必要进行进一步的前瞻性研究，以更好地了解性侵犯后 nPEP 评估以及随后的随访和依从性的过程。
