Payrastre Bernard, Gaits-Iacovoni Frédérique, Sansonetti Philippe, Tronchère Hélène
Inserm, U1048, Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, Hôpital de Toulouse, BP 84225 Avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France,
Subcell Biochem. 2012;59:363-88. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-3015-1_12.
Phosphoinositides are considered as highly dynamic players in the spatiotemporal organization of key signaling pathways, actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, establishment of cell polarity and intracellular vesicle trafficking. Their metabolism is accurately controlled and mutations in several phosphoinositide metabolizing enzymes take part in the development of human pathologies. Interestingly, evidence is accumulating that modulation of the phosphoinositide metabolism is critical for pathogenicity and virulence of many human pathogens. Given the importance of phosphoinositides, which link membrane and cytoskeleton dynamics to cell responses, it is not surprising that many invasive pathogens hijack their metabolism as part of their strategies to establish infection. In fact, according to their lifestyle, cellular pathogens use the phosphoinositide metabolism in order to trigger their uptake in nonphagocytic cells and/or modulate the maturation of the pathogen-containing vacuole to establish their replicative niche or escape in the cytosol and promote host cell survival. The last two decades have been marked by the discovery of different tactics used by cellular pathogens to modulate the phosphoinositide metabolism as part of their strategies to survive, proliferate and disseminate in a hostile environment.
磷酸肌醇被认为是关键信号通路的时空组织、肌动蛋白细胞骨架重排、细胞极性建立和细胞内囊泡运输中高度动态的参与者。它们的代谢受到精确控制，几种磷酸肌醇代谢酶的突变参与了人类疾病的发展。有趣的是，越来越多的证据表明，磷酸肌醇代谢的调节对许多人类病原体的致病性和毒力至关重要。鉴于磷酸肌醇将膜和细胞骨架动力学与细胞反应联系起来的重要性，许多侵袭性病原体劫持其代谢作为建立感染策略的一部分也就不足为奇了。事实上，根据它们的生活方式，细胞内病原体利用磷酸肌醇代谢来触发它们被非吞噬细胞摄取和/或调节含病原体液泡的成熟，以建立它们的复制龛或逃入细胞质并促进宿主细胞存活。在过去的二十年里，细胞内病原体使用不同策略调节磷酸肌醇代谢作为它们在恶劣环境中生存、增殖和传播策略的一部分被陆续发现。
