BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendel Str. 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
Genet Sel Evol. 2012 Mar 1;44(1):5. doi: 10.1186/1297-9686-44-5.
At present the Croatian Turopolje pig population comprises about 157 breeding animals. In Austria, 324 Turopolje pigs originating from six Croatian founder animals are registered. Multiple bottlenecks have occurred in this population, one major one rather recently and several more older and moderate ones. In addition, it has been subdivided into three subpopulations, one in Austria and two in Croatia, with restricted gene flow. These specificities explain the delicate situation of this endangered Croatian lard-type pig breed.
In order to identify candidate breeding animals or gene pools for future conservation breeding programs, we studied the genetic diversity and population structure of this breed using microsatellite data from 197 individuals belonging to five different breeds.
The genetic diversity of the Turopolje pig is dramatically low with observed heterozygosities values ranging from 0.38 to 0.57. Split into three populations since 1994, two genetic clusters could be identified: one highly conserved Croatian gene pool in Turopoljski Lug and the"Posavina" gene pool mainly present in the Austrian population. The second Croatian subpopulation in Lonjsko Polje in the Posavina region shows a constant gene flow from the Turopoljski Lug animals.
One practical conclusion is that it is necessary to develop a "Posavina" boar line to preserve the "Posavina" gene pool and constitute a corresponding population in Croatia. Animals of the highly inbred herd in Turopoljski Lug should not be crossed with animals of other populations since they represent a specific phenotype-genotype combination. However to increase the genetic diversity of this herd, a program to optimize its sex ratio should be carried out, as was done in the Austrian population where the level of heterozygosity has remained moderate despite its heavy bottleneck in 1994.
目前，克罗地亚图罗波尔杰猪种群约有 157 头繁殖动物。在奥地利，有 324 头源自克罗地亚的 6 头创始动物的图罗波尔杰猪已登记注册。该种群发生了多次瓶颈效应，其中一次主要瓶颈效应发生在不久前，还有几次较老的中度瓶颈效应。此外，该种群还被细分为三个亚种群，一个在奥地利，两个在克罗地亚，基因交流受到限制。这些特殊性解释了这种濒临灭绝的克罗地亚猪油型猪品种的微妙情况。
为了确定未来保护繁殖计划的候选繁殖动物或基因库，我们使用来自属于五个不同品种的 197 个个体的微卫星数据研究了该品种的遗传多样性和种群结构。
图罗波尔杰猪的遗传多样性极低，观察到的杂合度值范围从 0.38 到 0.57。自 1994 年以来，该品种分为三个种群，可识别出两个遗传群：一个高度保守的克罗地亚基因库存在于图罗波尔日基卢格，另一个主要存在于奥地利种群的“波萨维纳”基因库。波萨维纳地区隆日科波尔耶的第二个克罗地亚亚种群显示出与图罗波尔日基卢格动物持续的基因流。
一个实际的结论是，有必要开发“波萨维纳”公猪系，以保存“波萨维纳”基因库，并在克罗地亚构成相应的种群。不应将高度近交的图罗波尔日基卢格畜群的动物与其他种群的动物杂交，因为它们代表了一种特定的表型-基因型组合。然而，为了增加该畜群的遗传多样性，应开展一项优化其性别比例的计划，就像在奥地利种群中所做的那样，尽管在 1994 年发生了严重的瓶颈效应，但该种群的杂合度水平仍然保持适中。
