Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Mar;18(3):385-91. doi: 10.3201/eid1803.111370.
Although pasteurization eliminates pathogens and consumption of nonpasteurized dairy products is uncommon, dairy-associated disease outbreaks continue to occur. To determine the association of outbreaks caused by nonpasteurized dairy products with state laws regarding sale of these products, we reviewed dairy-associated outbreaks during 1993-2006. We found 121 outbreaks for which the product's pasteurization status was known; among these, 73 (60%) involved nonpasteurized products and resulted in 1,571 cases, 202 hospitalizations, and 2 deaths. A total of 55 (75%) outbreaks occurred in 21 states that permitted sale of nonpasteurized products; incidence of nonpasteurized product-associated outbreaks was higher in these states. Nonpasteurized products caused a disproportionate number (≈150× greater/unit of product consumed) of outbreaks and outbreak-associated illnesses and also disproportionately affected persons <20 years of age. States that restricted sale of nonpasteurized products had fewer outbreaks and illnesses; stronger restrictions and enforcement should be considered.
虽然巴氏消毒法可以消灭病原体，且人们很少食用未经巴氏消毒的乳制品，但与乳制品相关的疾病爆发仍时有发生。为了确定由未经巴氏消毒的乳制品引起的疫情爆发与各州关于这些产品销售的法律之间的关系，我们回顾了 1993 年至 2006 年期间与乳制品相关的疫情爆发。我们发现了 121 起已知产品巴氏消毒状态的疫情爆发；其中，73 起（60%）涉及未经巴氏消毒的产品，导致 1571 例病例、202 例住院和 2 例死亡。共有 55 起（75%）疫情爆发发生在允许销售未经巴氏消毒产品的 21 个州；在这些州，与未经巴氏消毒产品相关的疫情爆发发生率更高。未经巴氏消毒的产品导致了不成比例的大量（≈150 倍/消费单位）疫情爆发和疫情相关疾病，也不成比例地影响了<20 岁的人群。限制未经巴氏消毒产品销售的州疫情爆发和疾病数量较少；应考虑加强限制和执法力度。
