Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience - MOlecules, Solids and reactiviTy (IMCN/MOST), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2/17, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
Chem Soc Rev. 2012 May 7;41(9):3624-50. doi: 10.1039/c2cs15330k. Epub 2012 Feb 29.
Oxides and mixed oxides have a tremendous importance in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, serving either as catalysts or as supports for active species. The performance of a catalyst depends directly on its composition, texture, structure and surface properties, which have to be precisely controlled and adapted to each application. In this context, the sol-gel process is a unique tool for the preparation and understanding of catalytic materials, owing to its exceptional versatility. In the last 10 years, the non-hydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) or non-aqueous sol-gel process based on nonhydrolytic condensations in nonaqueous media has established itself as a simple and powerful method for the design of a wide range of oxide, mixed oxide and hybrid materials with controlled composition, morphology, texture and structure. NHSG proved particularly interesting for the preparation of catalytic materials, notably mesoporous xerogels, single site catalysts and highly crystalline nanoparticles. This critical review addresses the application of NHSG to the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts, emphasizing the specificities of this process, and giving a comprehensive overview of the literature (251 references).
氧化物和混合氧化物在多相催化领域具有重要意义，它们既可以作为催化剂，也可以作为活性物质的载体。催化剂的性能直接取决于其组成、结构、形貌和表面性质，这些性质必须精确控制并适应每种应用。在这种情况下，溶胶-凝胶法是一种独特的工具，用于制备和理解催化材料，这要归功于其出色的多功能性。在过去的 10 年中，基于非水解缩合的非水解溶胶-凝胶（NHSG）或非水溶胶-凝胶法在非水介质中得到了确立，成为设计具有可控组成、形貌、结构和结构的广泛氧化物、混合氧化物和杂化材料的简单而强大的方法。NHSG 对于制备催化材料，特别是介孔干凝胶、单活性位催化剂和高结晶纳米粒子特别有趣。这篇评论文章重点介绍了 NHSG 在制备多相催化剂中的应用，强调了该过程的特殊性，并对文献进行了全面概述（251 篇参考文献）。
