Faculty of Sports, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Portugal.
Int J Sports Med. 2012 Apr;33(4):325-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1297955. Epub 2012 Feb 29.
The aim of this study was to analyze longitudinal associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity and body mass index in a 4-year longitudinal study. 170 students (97 girls and 73 boys) aged at baseline from 11 to 17 years were followed. Students performed 20-m-SR; physical activity patterns and parents' education were evaluated using a standard questionnaire. Body mass index was categorized according to established cut points. In a multilevel analysis using MLwIN, 2 level structures were defined: first for individuals and second for time observations. In a longitudinal 2 level analysis, cardiorespiratory fitness was -negatively associated with body mass index for girls and boys, respectively (p<0.05; R2=0.63; 0.62), especially with obesity category (p<0.01; R2=0.58; 0.60). In girls, independent associations were observed between CRF and PA categories regarding participation "almost every day" in organized (p<0.05; R2=0.50) and non-organized sports outside school (p<0.05; R2=0.52) and participation in sports competitions (p<0.05; R2=0.51). In boys, associations were found only with participation in sports competitions (p<0.05; R2=0.50). The results highlight the importance of youth participation in organized activities and competitive sports over time to achieve health-related fitness benefits.
本研究旨在分析一项为期 4 年的纵向研究中，心肺适能、身体活动与体重指数之间的纵向关联。共有 170 名学生（97 名女生和 73 名男生）在基线时年龄为 11 至 17 岁，随访时间为 4 年。学生们进行了 20 米冲刺测试；身体活动模式和父母的教育水平通过标准问卷进行评估。体重指数按照既定切点进行分类。在使用 MLwIN 的多层次分析中，定义了 2 个层次结构：首先是个体，其次是时间观察。在纵向 2 水平分析中，心肺适能与女孩和男孩的体重指数呈负相关（p<0.05；R2=0.63；0.62），尤其是肥胖类别（p<0.01；R2=0.58；0.60）。在女孩中，CRF 与 PA 类别之间存在独立关联，表现在“几乎每天”参加有组织的（p<0.05；R2=0.50）和非学校组织的体育活动（p<0.05；R2=0.52）以及参加体育竞赛（p<0.05；R2=0.51）。在男孩中，仅与参加体育竞赛有关（p<0.05；R2=0.50）。研究结果强调了青少年随着时间的推移，参加有组织的活动和竞技体育的重要性，以实现与健康相关的适应能力的提升。
