Breban Romulus
Unité d'Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.
J Math Biol. 2013 Feb;66(3):535-46. doi: 10.1007/s00285-012-0520-2. Epub 2012 Mar 1.
Although diseases such as influenza, tuberculosis and SARS are transmitted through an environmentally mediated mechanism, most modeling work on these topics is based on the concepts of infectious contact and direct transmission. In this paper we use a paradigm model to show that environmental transmission appears like direct transmission in the case where the pathogen persists little time in the environment. Furthermore, we formulate conditions for the validity of this modeling approximation and we illustrate them numerically for the cases of cholera and influenza. According to our results based on recently published parameter estimates, the direct transmission approximation fails for both cholera and influenza. While environmental transmission is typically chosen over direct transmission in modeling cholera, this is not the case for influenza.
尽管诸如流感、结核病和非典等疾病是通过环境介导机制传播的,但关于这些主题的大多数建模工作都是基于感染接触和直接传播的概念。在本文中,我们使用一个范式模型来表明,在病原体在环境中持续时间很短的情况下,环境传播看起来像直接传播。此外,我们制定了这种建模近似有效性的条件,并针对霍乱和流感的情况进行了数值说明。根据我们基于最近公布的参数估计得出的结果,直接传播近似对于霍乱和流感都不成立。虽然在霍乱建模中通常选择环境传播而非直接传播,但流感并非如此。