Independent Researcher, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2012 Oct;14(10):1205-12. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nts013. Epub 2012 Mar 1.
Country-level evidence from Africa on the prevalence of tobacco use and the role played by both demographic and socioeconomic factors, as influences on the use of tobacco products, is sparse. This paper analyzes the determinants of tobacco use in Ghana and explores the association between tobacco use and poverty in the country.
Data from the 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, a nationally representative survey of households (n = 12,323), were used to generate descriptive statistics and characterize tobacco use in the country. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationships between tobacco use and age, place of residence, region, education status, wealth, marital status, alcohol use, and whether the person has children. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were calculated for tobacco users and nonusers on the likelihood of their purchase of selected commodities indicative of living standards.
Tobacco use was significantly higher among those living in poverty stricken regions, those with less education, lower levels of wealth, parents, and alcohol users. Tobacco use was significantly higher among men (7%) than women (0.4%), and it increased to a peak age of 41.4 years before it declined. Using tobacco was also associated with a lower likelihood of purchasing health insurance.
Tobacco use is inextricably related to poverty in Ghana. Policies should be formulated to target populations and regions with higher tobacco prevalence to combat both poverty and tobacco use simultaneously.
关于非洲国家烟草使用的流行情况以及人口和社会经济因素在烟草制品使用方面的影响的证据，在非洲国家层面上相对较少。本文分析了加纳烟草使用的决定因素，并探讨了该国烟草使用与贫困之间的关联。
使用 2008 年加纳人口与健康调查的数据，这是一项对家庭（n=12323）进行的全国代表性调查，生成描述性统计数据并描述该国的烟草使用情况。使用逻辑回归模型评估烟草使用与年龄、居住地、地区、教育程度、财富、婚姻状况、饮酒以及是否有子女之间的关系。对烟草使用者和非使用者购买代表生活水平的选定商品的可能性进行了未经调整和调整后的优势比计算。
生活在贫困地区、受教育程度较低、财富水平较低、有父母和饮酒者的人群中，烟草使用的比例明显更高。男性（7%）比女性（0.4%）的烟草使用率明显更高，在达到 41.4 岁的峰值年龄之前，烟草使用率呈下降趋势。吸烟也与购买健康保险的可能性降低有关。
烟草使用与加纳的贫困密切相关。应制定政策，针对烟草流行率较高的人群和地区，同时解决贫困和烟草使用问题。
