Department of Population Studies, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Department of Computer Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Jan 6;23(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14879-y.
Tobacco use is one of the notable risk factors for non-communicable diseases globally. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of tobacco use and identify its correlates in the general population of Botswana aged 15 to 69 years.
This study used a nationally representative WHO STEPwise Approach to Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) risk factors conducted in 2014 to explore the prevalence of tobacco use and its correlates in Botswana. Using IBM SPSS version 27, data on 4062 people aged 15 to 69 years who had been selected using multistage cluster sampling and had successfully completed the individual questionnaire were analysed. The prevalence of current tobacco smoking and smokeless tobacco use was determined using descriptive statistics while multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess correlates of current tobacco smoking and smokeless tobacco use. All comparisons were statistically significant at 5% significance level.
From a total sample of 4062 participants the prevalence of current tobacco smoking was estimated to be 12.9% while smokeless tobacco use was 3.2%. Adjusted results indicate that the odds of current tobacco smoking were eight times (AOR = 8.57, C.I = 6.28-11.7) higher among males compared to their female counterparts; six(AOR = 6.52, C.I 3.64-11.6) and three (AOR = 3.27, C.I. =2.07-5.15) times higher among respondents with no education and primary level education respectively, compared to their counterparts with tertiary or higher education; while for alcohol users the odds of current tobacco smoking were four times (AOR = 4.28, C.I = 2.93-6.24) higher than among non-alcohol users. The odds of smokeless tobacco use were significantly higher among women compared to men (AOR = 7.34, C.I = 4.01-13.4); individuals aged 50-59 (AOR = 1.15, C.I = 1.06-3.37) and 60-69 years (AOR = 1.23, C.I. =1.08-3.63) compared to 15-29 years; individuals with no education (AOR = 2.07, C.I = 1.03-4.02) and primary education (AOR = 1.05, C.I = 1.01-2.23) compared to individuals with tertiary education. However, the odds of smokeless tobacco use were significantly lower among individuals who consume alcohol (AOR = 0.48, C.I. = 0.29-0.80) compared to non-alcohol consumers.
Findings of this study indicate the need to strengthen existing national policies to reduce harmful use of tobacco among men, women, older adults, no or primary education level individuals and alcohol users.
吸烟是全球非传染性疾病的显著风险因素之一。本研究旨在评估博茨瓦纳 15 至 69 岁普通人群中烟草使用的流行情况，并确定其相关因素。
本研究使用了 2014 年进行的世界卫生组织分步非传染性疾病危险因素监测（STEPS）风险因素进行的全国代表性研究，以探讨博茨瓦纳烟草使用及其相关因素的流行情况。使用 IBM SPSS 版本 27，对使用多阶段聚类抽样选择并成功完成个人问卷的 4062 名 15 至 69 岁的人进行了数据分析。使用描述性统计数据确定当前吸烟和无烟烟草使用的流行情况，同时使用多变量逻辑回归评估当前吸烟和无烟烟草使用的相关因素。所有比较均在 5%的显著性水平上具有统计学意义。
在总共 4062 名参与者中，当前吸烟的流行率估计为 12.9%，而无烟烟草使用的流行率为 3.2%。调整后的结果表明，与女性相比，男性吸烟的可能性高 8 倍（优势比[OR] = 8.57，置信区间[CI] = 6.28-11.7）；与具有高等教育程度的人相比，没有教育和小学程度的人分别吸烟的可能性高 6 倍（OR = 6.52，CI = 3.64-11.6）和 3 倍（OR = 3.27，CI = 2.07-5.15）；而对于饮酒者，当前吸烟的可能性是不饮酒者的 4 倍（OR = 4.28，CI = 2.93-6.24）。无烟烟草使用的可能性在女性中明显高于男性（OR = 7.34，CI = 4.01-13.4）；50-59 岁（OR = 1.15，CI = 1.06-3.37）和 60-69 岁（OR = 1.23，CI = 1.08-3.63）与 15-29 岁相比；与具有高等教育程度的人相比，没有教育（OR = 2.07，CI = 1.03-4.02）和小学教育（OR = 1.05，CI = 1.01-2.23）的人更有可能吸烟。然而，与非饮酒者相比，饮酒者（OR = 0.48，CI = 0.29-0.80）使用无烟烟草的可能性明显较低。
本研究的结果表明，需要加强现有的国家政策，以减少男性、女性、老年人、没有教育或小学教育程度的人和饮酒者中有害烟草的使用。
