Boachie Micheal Kofi, Ayifah Rebecca Nana Yaa, Immurana Mustapha, Agyemang John Kwaku, Singh Arti, Ross Hana
SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science - PRICELESS SA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products (REEP), School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
Drug Alcohol Depend Rep. 2022 Oct 4;5:100102. doi: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100102. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Noncommunicable diseases are on the rise globally, with tobacco consumption being a major risk factor. Reducing tobacco consumption is an important step towards reducing the incidence and prevalence of many noncommunicable diseases. Tax and price measures have been proposed as tobacco control tools. This study investigated the link between cigarette prices and cigarette consumption in Ghana.
Annual time series data for the period 1980-2016 were used. The data came from diverse sources, including WHO, World Bank, and tobacco industry documents. Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), cointegration techniques, and three-stage least squares (3SLS) were used to analyze the data.
After controlling for education, income, and population growth, we estimated that the price elasticity of cigarette demand is between -0.35 and -0.52 and statistically significant at 1% level. In the short run, the price elasticity is -0.1. Another variable that significantly reduced cigarette consumption during the period was education, with an elasticity between -1.7 and -2.7.
Cigarette demand in Ghana is influenced by cigarette prices and education. We conclude that tobacco taxes that significantly raise retail prices of cigarettes and higher education (including health education) will help reduce cigarette consumption.
全球范围内，非传染性疾病的发病率呈上升趋势，烟草消费是主要风险因素之一。减少烟草消费是降低多种非传染性疾病发病率和患病率的重要一步。税收和价格措施已被提议作为烟草控制工具。本研究调查了加纳香烟价格与香烟消费之间的联系。
使用了1980 - 2016年期间的年度时间序列数据。数据来自多种来源，包括世界卫生组织、世界银行以及烟草行业文件。采用动态普通最小二乘法（DOLS）、协整技术和三阶段最小二乘法（3SLS）对数据进行分析。
在控制了教育、收入和人口增长因素后，我们估计香烟需求的价格弹性在 - 0.35至 - 0.52之间，且在1%的水平上具有统计学显著性。短期内，价格弹性为 - 0.1。在此期间另一个显著降低香烟消费的变量是教育，弹性在 - 1.7至 - 2.7之间。
加纳的香烟需求受香烟价格和教育影响。我们得出结论，大幅提高香烟零售价格的烟草税以及高等教育（包括健康教育）将有助于减少香烟消费。
