Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e32901. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032901. Epub 2012 Mar 5.
This research aims to foster discourse about the extent to which gender is important to consider within the context of participatory approaches for biological conservation. Our objectives are to: (1) gender-disaggregate data about stakeholders' risk perceptions associated with human-wildlife conflict (HWC) in a participatory conservation context, and (2) highlight insights from characterizing gendered similarities and differences in the way people think about HWC-related risks. Two communal conservancies in Caprivi, Namibia served as case study sites. We analyzed data from focus groups (n = 2) to create gendered concept maps about risks to wildlife and livelihoods and any associations of those risks with HWC, and semi-structured interviews (n = 76; men = 38, women = 38) to measure explicit risk attitudes associated with HWC. Concept maps indicated some divergent perceptions in how groups characterized risks to wildlife and livelihoods; however, not only were identified risks to wildlife (e.g., pollution, hunting) dissimilar in some instances, descriptions of risks varied as well. Study groups reported similar risk perceptions associated with HWC with the exception of worry associated with HWC effects on local livelihoods. Gendered differences in risk perceptions may signal different priorities or incentives to participate in efforts to resolve HWC-related risks. Thus, although shared goals and interests may seem to be an obvious reason for cooperative wildlife management, it is not always obvious that management goals are shared. Opportunity exists to move beyond thinking about gender as an explanatory variable for understanding how different groups think about participating in conservation activities.
本研究旨在探讨在参与式生物保护方法的背景下，性别因素的重要性程度。我们的目标是：（1）对与参与式保护相关的人类与野生动物冲突（HWC）的利益相关者风险认知进行性别分解，（2）突出在人们对与 HWC 相关的风险的看法方面，性别相似性和差异性的特点。纳米比亚卡普里维地区的两个社区保护区是案例研究地点。我们分析了焦点小组（n = 2）的数据，以创建有关野生动物和生计风险的性别概念图，以及这些风险与 HWC 的任何关联，以及半结构化访谈（n = 76；男性= 38，女性= 38），以衡量与 HWC 相关的明确风险态度。概念图表明，群体对野生动物和生计风险的描述存在一些不同的看法；然而，不仅野生动物面临的风险（例如，污染、狩猎）在某些情况下不同，而且对风险的描述也有所不同。研究小组报告了与 HWC 相关的相似风险认知，但 HWC 对当地生计的影响所带来的担忧除外。风险认知方面的性别差异可能表明，参与解决与 HWC 相关风险的动机或激励因素不同。因此，尽管合作性野生动物管理的共同目标和利益似乎是合作的明显原因，但并不总是明显的是，管理目标是共享的。有机会超越将性别视为解释不同群体参与保护活动的思维方式。
