Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 GDEC, 24 avenue des Landais, F-63177 Aubière, France.
BMC Plant Biol. 2012 Mar 14;12:35. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-35.
Wheat grains are an important source of food, stock feed and raw materials for industry, but current production levels cannot meet world needs. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat grain development will contribute valuable information to improving wheat cultivation. One of the most important mechanisms implicated in plant developmental processes is the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Among the different roles of the UPS, it is clear that it is essential to hormone signaling. In particular, E3 ubiquitin ligases of the UPS have been shown to play critical roles in hormone perception and signal transduction.
A NimbleGen microarray containing 39,179 UniGenes was used to study the kinetics of gene expression during wheat grain development from the early stages of cell division to the mid-grain filling stage. By comparing 11 consecutive time-points, 9284 differentially expressed genes were identified and annotated during this study. A comparison of the temporal profiles of these genes revealed dynamic transcript accumulation profiles with major reprogramming events that occurred during the time intervals of 80-120 and 220-240°Cdays. The list of the genes expressed differentially during these transitions were identified and annotated. Emphasis was placed on E3 ligase and hormone-related genes. In total, 173 E3 ligase coding genes and 126 hormone-related genes were differentially expressed during the cell division and grain filling stages, with each family displaying a different expression profile.
The differential expression of genes involved in the UPS and plant hormone pathways suggests that phytohormones and UPS crosstalk might play a critical role in the wheat grain developmental process. Some E3 ligase and hormone-related genes seem to be up- or down-regulated during the early and late stages of the grain development.
小麦籽粒是食物、饲料和工业原料的重要来源，但目前的产量水平无法满足世界需求。阐明小麦籽粒发育的分子机制将为提高小麦栽培提供有价值的信息。在植物发育过程中涉及的最重要机制之一是泛素-蛋白酶体系统（UPS）。在 UPS 的不同作用中，它对激素信号的作用是至关重要的。特别是，UPS 的 E3 泛素连接酶已被证明在激素感知和信号转导中发挥关键作用。
使用 NimbleGen 微阵列，该微阵列包含 39179 个 UniGenes，研究了从小麦籽粒细胞分裂早期到中期灌浆阶段的发育过程中基因表达的动力学。通过比较 11 个连续的时间点，在这项研究中鉴定和注释了 9284 个差异表达的基因。比较这些基因的时间曲线揭示了动态转录积累图谱，主要的重编程事件发生在 80-120°C 天和 220-240°C 天的时间间隔内。鉴定并注释了在这些转变过程中差异表达的基因列表。重点放在 E3 连接酶和激素相关基因上。在细胞分裂和灌浆阶段，共有 173 个 E3 连接酶编码基因和 126 个激素相关基因差异表达，每个家族都显示出不同的表达谱。
参与 UPS 和植物激素途径的基因的差异表达表明，植物激素和 UPS 相互作用可能在小麦籽粒发育过程中发挥关键作用。一些 E3 连接酶和激素相关基因在籽粒发育的早期和晚期似乎上调或下调。
