Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, MA, USA.
Curr Opin Virol. 2011 Dec;1(6):455-62. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.11.004. Epub 2011 Dec 4.
Innate immune surveillance mechanisms lie at the heart of the antiviral response. A growing number of germ-line encoded pattern recognition receptors have been identified which protect the host from infection by sensing the presence of viral molecules and inducing antiviral defenses. Most compartments that viruses gain access to are under active surveillance by one or more pattern recognition receptors. Members of the Toll-like receptor family guard the extracellular milieu and endosomal compartment where they are activated by viral glycoproteins or nucleic acids, respectively. More recently, the cytosolic compartment has emerged as the frontline in the arsenal of the host's antiviral defenses. Families of receptors in the cytosol recognize viral RNA or DNA or perturbations of cellular homeostasis and orchestrate effector responses to eliminate the invader. Here, we review this expanding area of innate immunity by focusing on the molecular mechanisms of cytosolic host-defenses.
先天免疫监测机制是抗病毒反应的核心。越来越多的种系编码模式识别受体被鉴定出来，它们通过感知病毒分子的存在并诱导抗病毒防御来保护宿主免受感染。病毒进入的大多数隔室都受到一种或多种模式识别受体的主动监测。Toll 样受体家族的成员守卫着细胞外环境和内体隔室，病毒糖蛋白或核酸分别在这些隔室中激活它们。最近，细胞溶质隔室已成为宿主抗病毒防御的前沿。细胞溶质中的受体家族识别病毒 RNA 或 DNA 或细胞稳态的扰动，并协调效应子反应以消除入侵物。在这里，我们通过关注细胞质宿主防御的分子机制来综述这个不断扩大的先天免疫领域。
