Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstr. 18, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Virol. 2012 Feb;2(1):20-7. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.11.007. Epub 2011 Dec 27.
Poxviruses are characterized by their large size, complex composition, and cytoplasmic life cycle. They produce two types of infectious particles: mature virions (MVs) and extracellular virions (EVs). Both MVs and EVs of vaccinia virus, the model poxvirus, take advantage of host cell endocytosis for internalization: they activate macropinocytosis-the most suitable form of endocytosis for large particles. Although largely dependent on the same cellular machinery, MV and EV entry differs with regard to the mechanisms used to trigger macropinocytosis and to undergo fusion. While EVs have to shed an additional membrane to expose the fusion complex, MV fusion requires the inactivation of fusion inhibitory proteins absent in EVs. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of poxvirus MV and EV cell entry.
痘病毒的特点是体积大、组成复杂和细胞质生命周期。它们产生两种类型的感染性颗粒：成熟病毒粒子 (MVs) 和细胞外病毒粒子 (EVs)。痘苗病毒是模式痘病毒，其 MVs 和 EVs 都利用宿主细胞的内吞作用进行内化：它们激活巨胞饮作用——这是适合大颗粒的最佳内吞作用形式。尽管在很大程度上依赖于相同的细胞机制，但 MV 和 EV 的进入在触发巨胞饮作用和融合的机制上有所不同。虽然 EV 必须脱落额外的膜以暴露融合复合物，但 MV 融合需要失活 EV 中不存在的融合抑制蛋白。这篇综述强调了对痘病毒 MV 和 EV 细胞进入的理解的最新进展。
