Tsige Abate Wondesen, Ayele Siraye Genzeb
School of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Asrat Weldeyes Health Science Campus Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia.
Department of Midwifery School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
Health Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 8;8(4):e70640. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.70640. eCollection 2025 Apr.
The mpox virus, sometimes known as MPXV, is the cause of the disease mpox. The Monkeypox virus is a different Poxviridae family member from the orthopoxvirus (OPXV) group. Clades I and II are the two varieties of the Monkeypox virus. The mpox can spread from person to person through direct contact with infectious skin or other lesions, such as those on the mouth or genitalia. The mpox virus is spread from animal to people by bites or scratches, as well as through tasks including skinning, trapping, cooking, playing with carcasses, and eating animals. People with compromised immune systems, small children, those with a history of eczema, and pregnant women may be more susceptible to serious mpox illness. This review aimed to identify the challenges of mpox, treatment alternatives, and prevention modalities.
This review addressed mpox virus etiology, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentations, clinical evaluation techniques, currently available treatments, and preventative measures. An analysis of the narrative data was conducted instead of a pooled analysis. Complete data published in English was included in a comprehensive literature search conducted across relevant databases pertaining to the mpox.
The recommended laboratory test for mpox is polymerase chain reaction detection of viral DNA. It is crucial to differentiate measles, scabies, herpes, syphilis, chickenpox, measles, bacterial skin infections, and allergies related to medications from mpox. The ability to distinguish between chickenpox and mpox is made by lymphadenopathy. The JYNNEOS vaccine, ACAM2000 vaccine, and MVABN also known as Imvamune vaccinations have now been investigated and authorized for usage during mpox epidemics in different locations. Tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir which had previously shown promise against OPXV were used as antivirals during the 2022 outbreak.
This review provides a brief overview of current vaccinations and antiviral medications that have been assessed for their potential as treatments since the mpox threat came into existence will be provided. It is useful to increase awareness and recognize the common clinical manifestations of mpox, diagnose, and its prevention methods. To effectively reduce the global transmission of mpox, the WHO should prioritize strategies that enhance early detection of the illness, careful administration of antiviral treatments, and focused vaccination initiatives for high-risk groups or wider immunization in areas where the disease is common. Furthermore, it is crucial to establish preventive measures, conduct educational outreach, and implement robust healthcare policies.
猴痘病毒，有时称为MPXV，是猴痘疾病的病原体。猴痘病毒是痘病毒科正痘病毒（OPXV）属的不同成员。猴痘病毒有I和II两个分支。猴痘可通过直接接触传染性皮肤或其他损伤部位，如口腔或生殖器部位的损伤，在人与人之间传播。猴痘病毒通过咬伤、抓伤以及包括剥皮、诱捕、烹饪、玩弄动物尸体和食用动物等活动，从动物传播给人。免疫系统受损者、幼儿、有湿疹病史者和孕妇可能更容易患上严重的猴痘疾病。本综述旨在确定猴痘的挑战、治疗选择和预防方式。
本综述探讨了猴痘病毒的病因、流行病学、危险因素、临床表现、临床评估技术、现有治疗方法和预防措施。进行的是叙述性数据分析而非汇总分析。在与猴痘相关的相关数据库中进行全面文献检索时，纳入了以英文发表的完整数据。
猴痘推荐的实验室检测是聚合酶链反应检测病毒DNA。将麻疹、疥疮、疱疹、梅毒、水痘、麻疹、细菌性皮肤感染以及药物相关过敏与猴痘区分开来至关重要。通过淋巴结病可区分水痘和猴痘。JYNNEOS疫苗、ACAM2000疫苗以及也称为Imvamune疫苗的MVABN目前已在不同地点进行了研究并被批准在猴痘疫情期间使用。在2022年疫情期间，之前对OPXV显示出有前景的tecovirimat、brincidofovir和西多福韦被用作抗病毒药物。
本综述简要概述了自猴痘威胁出现以来已评估其作为治疗潜力的当前疫苗和抗病毒药物。提高认识并识别猴痘的常见临床表现、诊断及其预防方法很有用。为有效减少猴痘在全球的传播，世界卫生组织应优先考虑加强疾病早期检测、谨慎使用抗病毒治疗以及针对高危人群开展针对性疫苗接种或在疾病常见地区进行更广泛免疫接种的策略。此外，建立预防措施、开展教育推广并实施强有力的医疗政策至关重要。
