Department of Molecular Medicine, Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Curr Opin Virol. 2012 Feb;2(1):43-9. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.12.002. Epub 2011 Dec 23.
We compare the receptor-based mechanisms that a small RNA virus and a larger DNA virus have evolved to drive the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Both systems rely on tight control over triggering the concerted refolding of a trimeric fusion protein. While measles virus entry depends on a receptor-binding protein and a fusion protein only, the herpes simplex virus (HSV) is more complex and requires four viral proteins. Nevertheless, in both viruses a receptor-binding protein is required for triggering the membrane fusion process. Moreover, specificity domains can be appended to these receptor-binding proteins to target virus entry to cells expressing a designated receptor. We discuss how principles established with measles and HSV can be applied to targeting other enveloped viruses, and alternatively how retargeted envelopes can be fitted on foreign capsids.
我们比较了一种小型 RNA 病毒和一种较大的 DNA 病毒进化出的受体基机制，以驱动病毒和细胞膜融合。这两个系统都依赖于严格控制三聚体融合蛋白的协同重折叠来触发融合。虽然麻疹病毒的进入依赖于受体结合蛋白和融合蛋白，但单纯疱疹病毒 (HSV) 更为复杂，需要四种病毒蛋白。然而，在这两种病毒中，受体结合蛋白都需要触发膜融合过程。此外，可以在这些受体结合蛋白上添加特异性结构域，将病毒进入靶向表达指定受体的细胞。我们讨论了如何将麻疹病毒和 HSV 确立的原则应用于靶向其他包膜病毒，或者如何将重新靶向的包膜适配于外来衣壳。
