Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Parma, Via A. Gramsci 14, Parma, Italy.
J Transl Med. 2012 Mar 28;10:63. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-63.
Nutrition has been widely recognized to influence the risk of kidney stone formation. Therefore the aim of our study was to assess: a) whether usual diet of women with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis (ICN) living in Parma (Northern-Italy) is different compared to healthy controls, b) how their diet differs from Italian National guidelines and c) whether it is related to nephrolithiasis clinical course.
143 women with recurrent ICN (mean age 43 ± 13 ys) and 170 healthy women (mean age 42 ± 11 ys) were enrolled. All women completed a food frequency questionnaire for the last 60-days and a 3-day dietary diary analysed with a dedicated software.
Stone formers showed a higher consumption of sausages, ham, meat and sweets than healthy controls (43.1% vs 11.1%, 29.4% vs 13.9%, 21.6% vs 4.2%, 66.7% vs 18.1%, p < 0.001). The 3-day diary analysis showed an intake of calories, carbohydrates, lipids and non-discretionary sodium about 10% higher than healthy controls (p < 0.001). Finally, after dividing the population into 3 age groups (≤30, 31-40, > 40 years), the differences described above were amplified in the class ≤30 years, where nephrolithiasis presented a more serious course (shorter recurrence interval, greater stone-rate). In this age group the intake of fruit and vegetables was notably lower than guideline recommendations.
We conclude that the usual diet of women with recurrent ICN is different from controls and characterized by low intake of fruits and vegetables and higher consumption of simple sugars and foods with high protein and salt content. This dietary imbalance could play a role in the ICN pathogenesis, especially in younger women.
营养已被广泛认为会影响肾结石形成的风险。因此，我们的研究目的是评估：a）居住在意大利帕尔马（北部-意大利）的特发性钙肾结石（ICN）女性的常规饮食是否与健康对照组不同，b）她们的饮食与意大利国家指南有何不同，c）是否与肾结石的临床病程有关。
共纳入 143 例复发性 ICN 女性（平均年龄 43 ± 13 岁）和 170 例健康女性（平均年龄 42 ± 11 岁）。所有女性均在过去 60 天内完成了食物频率问卷，并使用专用软件分析了 3 天饮食日记。
结石形成者摄入的香肠、火腿、肉类和甜食比健康对照组多（43.1%比 11.1%、29.4%比 13.9%、21.6%比 4.2%、66.7%比 18.1%，p < 0.001）。3 天饮食日记分析显示，摄入的卡路里、碳水化合物、脂肪和非随意性钠比健康对照组高出约 10%（p < 0.001）。最后，将人群分为 3 个年龄组（≤30 岁、31-40 岁、>40 岁），上述差异在≤30 岁组中放大，肾结石的病程更为严重（复发间隔更短，结石发生率更高）。在这个年龄组中，水果和蔬菜的摄入量明显低于指南推荐量。
我们得出结论，复发性 ICN 女性的常规饮食与对照组不同，其特点是水果和蔬菜摄入量低，而简单糖和高蛋白质、高盐含量食物的摄入量高。这种饮食失衡可能在 ICN 的发病机制中起作用，尤其是在年轻女性中。
