营养和运动可减少正常体重孕妇体重过度增加。

Nutrition and exercise reduce excessive weight gain in normal-weight pregnant women.

机构信息

R. Samuel McLaughlin Foundation-Exercise and Pregnancy Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.

出版信息

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012 Aug;44(8):1419-26. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31825365f1.

DOI:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31825365f1

PMID:22453250

Abstract

PURPOSE

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an exercise program of two different intensities, with nutritional control, on gestational weight gain (GWG), infant birth weight, and maternal weight retention at 2 months postpartum (2 mopp).

METHODS

Pregnant women (prepregnancy body mass index = 18.5-24.9 kg·m) were randomized at study entry (16-20 wk of gestation) to a low-intensity (LI, 30% HR reserve (HRR), n = 23) or moderate-intensity (MI, 70% HRR, n = 26) exercise program, with nutritional control. The exercise program consisted of walking sessions three to four times per week, gradually increasing exercise time from 25 to 40 min per session. Forty-five normal-weight women who did not participate in any structured exercise program during pregnancy and had singleton births were used as a historical control group.

RESULTS

Total GWG was higher in the control group (18.3 ± 5.3 kg) compared with the LI (15.3 ± 2.9 kg, P = 0.01) and MI (14.9 ± 3.8 kg, P = 0.003) groups. During the intervention, GWG was similar in both intervention groups, with weekly rates of weight gain of 0.49 ± 0.1 and 0.47 ± 0.1 kg·wk in the LI and MI groups, respectively. Excessive GWG during the intervention was prevented in 70% of the women in the LI group and 77% of those in the MI group. Excessive GWG occurred before the intervention began. At 2 mopp, 18% and 28% of the women in the LI and MI groups, respectively, retained ≤2.0 kg compared with only 7% of those in the control group. Infant birth weight was not different between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Results suggest that a prenatal nutrition and exercise program regardless of exercise intensity, reduced excessive GWG and decreased weight retention at 2 mopp in women of normal weight before pregnancy.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在评估两种不同强度的运动方案（结合营养控制）对妊娠体重增加（GWG）、婴儿出生体重和产后 2 个月（2 mopp）时产妇体重保留的影响。

方法

在研究开始时（妊娠 16-20 周），将体重指数（BMI）为 18.5-24.9kg·m 的孕妇随机分为低强度（LI，30%心率储备（HRR），n=23）或中强度（MI，70%HRR，n=26）运动组，并进行营养控制。运动方案包括每周三到四次散步，逐渐将每次运动时间从 25 分钟增加到 40 分钟。将 45 名未参加任何孕期结构化运动且单胎分娩的正常体重女性作为历史对照组。

结果

与 LI 组（15.3±2.9kg，P=0.01）和 MI 组（14.9±3.8kg，P=0.003）相比，对照组的总 GWG 更高（18.3±5.3kg）。在干预期间，两组的 GWG 相似，LI 组和 MI 组的每周体重增加率分别为 0.49±0.1kg·wk 和 0.47±0.1kg·wk。LI 组 70%的女性和 MI 组 77%的女性在干预期间避免了 GWG 过度增加。GWG 过度增加发生在干预开始之前。在 2 mopp 时，LI 组和 MI 组分别有 18%和 28%的女性保留的体重≤2.0kg，而对照组仅为 7%。婴儿出生体重在各组之间无差异。