Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
Nat Commun. 2012 Mar 27;3:763. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1767.
Direct interfacing of nanosensors onto biomaterials could impact health quality monitoring and adaptive threat detection. Graphene is capable of highly sensitive analyte detection due to its nanoscale nature. Here we show that graphene can be printed onto water-soluble silk. This in turn permits intimate biotransfer of graphene nanosensors onto biomaterials, including tooth enamel. The result is a fully biointerfaced sensing platform, which can be tuned to detect target analytes. For example, via self-assembly of antimicrobial peptides onto graphene, we show bioselective detection of bacteria at single-cell levels. Incorporation of a resonant coil eliminates the need for onboard power and external connections. Combining these elements yields two-tiered interfacing of peptide-graphene nanosensors with biomaterials. In particular, we demonstrate integration onto a tooth for remote monitoring of respiration and bacteria detection in saliva. Overall, this strategy of interfacing graphene nanosensors with biomaterials represents a versatile approach for ubiquitous detection of biochemical targets.
纳米传感器与生物材料的直接接口可能会影响健康质量监测和自适应威胁检测。由于其纳米级特性，石墨烯能够实现对分析物的高灵敏度检测。在这里，我们展示了石墨烯可以被印刷到水溶性丝上。这反过来又允许石墨烯纳米传感器亲密地转移到生物材料上，包括牙釉质。其结果是一个完全生物接口的传感平台，可以进行调整以检测目标分析物。例如，通过将抗菌肽自组装到石墨烯上，我们展示了对细菌的单细胞水平的生物选择性检测。共振线圈的加入消除了对板载电源和外部连接的需求。将这些元素结合起来，得到了肽-石墨烯纳米传感器与生物材料的两级接口。具体来说，我们展示了将其整合到牙齿上，用于远程监测呼吸和唾液中细菌的检测。总的来说，这种将石墨烯纳米传感器与生物材料接口的策略代表了一种用于普遍检测生化靶标的多功能方法。
