Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2012 Dec;42(12):2611-21. doi: 10.1007/s10803-012-1518-8.
Social referencing was investigated in 18-month-old siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD; "high-risk infants"). Infants were exposed to novel toys, which were emotionally tagged via adults' facial and vocal signals. Infants' information seeking (initiation of joint attention with an adult) and their approach/withdrawal behavior toward the toys before versus after the adults' emotional signals was measured. Compared to both typically developing infants and high-risk infants without ASD, infants later diagnosed with ASD engaged in slower information seeking, suggesting that this aspect of referencing may be an early indicator of ASD. High-risk infants, both those who were and those who were not later diagnosed with ASD, exhibited impairments in regulating their behavior based on the adults' emotional signals, suggesting that this aspect of social referencing may reflect an endophenotype for ASD.
社会参照被研究于自闭症谱系障碍（ASD；“高风险婴儿”）儿童的 18 个月大的兄弟姐妹。婴儿被暴露于新奇的玩具，这些玩具通过成人的面部和声音信号被情感标记。婴儿在成人情感信号之前和之后对玩具的信息寻求（与成人发起共同关注）和接近/回避行为被测量。与正常发育的婴儿和没有 ASD 的高风险婴儿相比，后来被诊断为 ASD 的婴儿表现出较慢的信息寻求，这表明这种参照方面可能是 ASD 的早期指标。高风险婴儿，无论是后来被诊断为 ASD 的婴儿还是没有被诊断为 ASD 的婴儿，在根据成人的情感信号调节其行为方面都表现出障碍，这表明这种社会参照方面可能反映了 ASD 的一个内表型。
