Hoffman R A, Habeeb P, Buzzell G R
Department of Biology Colgate University Hamilton, NY 13346.
J Comp Physiol B. 1990;160(3):269-75. doi: 10.1007/BF00302592.
Long-term increased or decreased circulating levels of thyroid hormones significantly modify porphyrin concentrations and morphology in the Harderian glands of male and female hamsters. Administration of T3 reduced porphyrin concentrations in females; this treatment or decreasing thyroid hormone levels with KClO4 suppressed the post-castration rise of porphyrins in males. Hypophysectomy led to increased porphyrins in the Harderian glands of males; this rise was suppressed in hypophysectomized males by T3 or T4. In females, hypophysectomy reduced porphyrins which were further reduced by daily administration of T3 or T4. These modifications in the normal females were identical in castrated males. Mitotic activity in the Harderian glands of females was stimulated by KClO4 and by hypophysectomy with or without exogenous T3. In males, castration increased mitotic activity which was suppressed by T3 and exacerbated by KClO4. Increased mitotic activity seemingly follows loss of tissue mass. The data show that thyroid hormones act directly on the Harderian glands rather than indirectly through modification of TSH synthesis/release. Female "type" glands in males are a consequence of loss of gonadal androgens by castration, or by suppression or loss of thyroid hormones by hypophysectomy or by treatment with KClO4. However, male "type" glands in females are the result of androgen treatment, and/or increased levels of thyroid hormones via reduced ambient temperatures or of photic input. We conclude that regulation of the Harderian gland appears to be different in the two sexes.
甲状腺激素循环水平的长期升高或降低会显著改变雄性和雌性仓鼠哈德氏腺中卟啉的浓度和形态。给予T3可降低雌性仓鼠的卟啉浓度；这种处理或用高氯酸钾降低甲状腺激素水平可抑制雄性仓鼠去势后卟啉的升高。垂体切除导致雄性仓鼠哈德氏腺中的卟啉增加；T3或T4可抑制垂体切除雄性仓鼠的这种升高。在雌性仓鼠中，垂体切除可降低卟啉水平，每日给予T3或T4可进一步降低。正常雌性仓鼠的这些改变在去势雄性仓鼠中是相同的。高氯酸钾以及垂体切除（无论有无外源性T3）均可刺激雌性仓鼠哈德氏腺的有丝分裂活性。在雄性仓鼠中，去势会增加有丝分裂活性，T3可抑制这种活性，而高氯酸钾会加剧这种活性。有丝分裂活性增加似乎是组织质量丧失的结果。数据表明，甲状腺激素直接作用于哈德氏腺，而非通过改变促甲状腺激素的合成/释放间接发挥作用。雄性仓鼠中的雌性“类型”腺体是去势导致性腺雄激素丧失、垂体切除或用高氯酸钾处理导致甲状腺激素抑制或丧失的结果。然而，雌性仓鼠中的雄性“类型”腺体是雄激素处理和/或通过降低环境温度或光输入使甲状腺激素水平升高的结果。我们得出结论，哈德氏腺的调节在两性中似乎有所不同。
