Escobar Bravo Miguel Ángel, Puga González M Dolores, Martín Baranera Monserrat
Universidad de Lleida, Lleida, España.
Gac Sanit. 2012 Jul-Aug;26(4):330-5. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.12.016. Epub 2012 Mar 29.
To determine the life stages in which disability-free life expectancy is shortened before the age of 70 years.
A retrospective longitudinal analysis was carried out in a cohort of 1,286 non-institutionalized people aged from 70 to 74 years old living in metropolitan areas. Disability was measured by instrumental and basic activities of daily living. Disability-free life expectancy was calculated. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival probabilities.
The incidence of basic disability increased from 50 to 54 years old and progressively accelerated until the age of 65-69 years old when the probability of instrumental disability was slightly higher among men than among women (0.23 in men versus 0.19 in women). Disability-free survival was lower among women than among men both for all types of disability (LogRank = 5.80; p = 0.016) and for basic disability (LogRank = 4.315; p = 0.038).
This study reveals the importance of instrumental disability for domestic tasks among older men. Women had a lower probability of disability-free survival and were more likely to be affected by any type of disability as well as by basic disability. For both genders, there is a slight decrease in disability-free survival from the age of 40 to 60 years. From this age onwards, this decrease markedly accelerates.
确定在70岁之前无残疾预期寿命缩短的生命阶段。
对居住在大都市地区的1286名70至74岁非机构化人群进行回顾性纵向分析。通过工具性日常生活活动和基本日常生活活动来衡量残疾情况。计算无残疾预期寿命。采用Kaplan-Meier方法计算生存概率。
基本残疾发生率从50岁开始上升，至54岁时逐渐加速，直至65至69岁，此时男性工具性残疾概率略高于女性（男性为0.23，女性为0.19）。无论对于所有类型的残疾（对数秩检验=5.80；p=0.016）还是基本残疾（对数秩检验=4.315；p=0.038），女性的无残疾生存率均低于男性。
本研究揭示了工具性残疾对老年男性家务劳动的重要性。女性无残疾生存的概率较低，更有可能受到任何类型残疾以及基本残疾的影响。对于两性而言，40至60岁期间无残疾生存率略有下降。从这个年龄起，这种下降明显加速。
