Samolsky S, Dunker K, Hynak-Hankinson M T
Dietetic Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey 07019.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1990 Dec;90(12):1707-10.
As service-oriented professionals in a multicultural society, dietitians must be aware of cultural influences on food consumption patterns, population demographics, and health care usage by ethnic groups. The United States has one of the largest Hispanic populations in the world. The major health problems in the Hispanic population are cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. The use of health care services by Hispanic subgroups is dependent upon their residence in a rural or an urban area. This article summarizes national trends in food consumption, health care usage, prevalent health problems, and eating habits of Mexicans and Puerto Ricans, the most populous of the Hispanic subgroups. We provide diet modifications for energy-, fat- and sodium-restricted diets, which are part of the treatment for problems prevalent in this ethnic population. Dietitians must consider cultural and demographic influences to help Hispanic hospital patients modify their diet in ways that are both healthful and culturally acceptable.
作为多元文化社会中以服务为导向的专业人员，营养师必须意识到文化对食物消费模式、人口统计学以及不同族裔群体医疗保健使用情况的影响。美国拥有世界上最大的西班牙裔人口群体之一。西班牙裔人群的主要健康问题是心血管疾病、糖尿病和肥胖症。西班牙裔亚群体对医疗保健服务的使用取决于他们居住在农村还是城市地区。本文总结了墨西哥人和波多黎各人这两个西班牙裔人口最多的亚群体在食物消费、医疗保健使用、普遍存在的健康问题以及饮食习惯方面的全国趋势。我们提供了针对能量、脂肪和钠限制饮食的饮食调整建议，这些饮食是治疗该族裔人群普遍存在问题的一部分。营养师必须考虑文化和人口统计学影响，以帮助西班牙裔住院患者以健康且文化上可接受的方式调整饮食。
