Department of Proteome and Metabolome Research, Centre for Biotechnology & Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
J Biotechnol. 2012 Jun 15;159(3):177-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.03.012. Epub 2012 Mar 21.
Samples of whole seeds, isolated endosperms including the aleurone layer and isolated embryos with attached scutellum from an industrial scale barley malting process (variety Braemar) were analysed for their water soluble metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 73 known metabolites and about 350 unknown signals were detected. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a time dependent shift of sample profiles. Whole seeds and endosperm samples showed very similar patterns with nearly all compounds rising until the end of germination. In the embryos a maximum concentration of compounds was reached after 72-96 h of malting. Most concentrations decreased afterwards. The kilning step, namely the drying and roasting of germinated seeds, induced variable effects of increases, stability or decreases of metabolites and thereby separated kilned samples from germinated seeds in the PCA. A second barley cultivar (Quench) underwent the same malting and analysis procedures and gave nearly identical results. Fructose, malate, myo-inositol and raffinose exhibited the potential to serve as markers for specific developmental stages of seeds in both varieties. Biological markers represent targets for industrial process control. Their potential application would meet the maltsters' demand to flatten variances in germination properties and to produce equal composed malt by directed malting management.
采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对大麦制麦工业规模生产过程（品种为 Braemar）中的整粒种子、含有糊粉层的分离胚乳以及附有盾片的分离胚进行了水溶性代谢物分析。检测到了 73 种已知代谢物和约 350 种未知信号。主成分分析（PCA）显示样品谱随时间的推移而发生变化。整粒种子和胚乳样品的模式非常相似，几乎所有化合物的浓度都在发芽结束前升高。在胚中，化合物的最大浓度在发芽 72-96 小时后达到。之后，大多数浓度下降。干燥和烘烤发芽种子的干燥步骤，即干燥和烘烤，导致代谢物的增加、稳定或减少产生不同的影响，从而使 PCA 中的干燥样品与发芽种子分离。第二个大麦品种（Quench）也经历了相同的制麦和分析程序，得到了几乎相同的结果。果糖、苹果酸、肌醇和棉子糖具有作为两种品种种子特定发育阶段标志物的潜力。生物标志物是工业过程控制的目标。它们的潜在应用将满足麦芽商的需求，即通过定向制麦管理来平整发芽特性的差异，并生产成分均匀的麦芽。
