The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Br J Nutr. 2013 Jan 14;109(1):137-47. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512000682. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
Determinants of a child's diet shortly after weaning and lactation have been relatively understudied. The aim of the present study was hence to identify common dietary patterns in toddlers and to explore parental and child indicators of these dietary patterns. The study was a population-based, prospective birth-cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Food consumption data of 2420 children aged 14 months were used. A 'Health conscious' dietary pattern characterised by pasta, fruits, vegetables, oils, legumes and fish, and a 'Western-like' dietary pattern characterised by snacks, animal fats, confectionery and sugar-containing beverages were extracted using principal component analysis. Low paternal education, low household income, parental smoking, multiparity, maternal BMI, maternal carbohydrate intake and television-watching of child were determinants of a 'Western-like' diet, whereas parental age, dietary fibre intake during pregnancy, introduction of solids after 6 months and female sex were inversely associated with a 'Western-like' diet of the child. Maternal co-morbidity, alcohol consumption during pregnancy and female sex were inversely associated with a 'Health conscious' dietary pattern of the child, while single parenthood, folic acid use and dietary fibre intake during pregnancy were positively associated. All aforementioned associations were statistically significant. In conclusion, both 'Western-like' and 'Health conscious' diets can already be identified in toddlers. Particularly, adherence to a 'Western-like' diet is associated with unfavourable lifestyle factors of the parents and child, and low socio-economic background. These findings can form a basis for future epidemiological studies regarding dietary patterns and health outcomes in young children.
断奶后和哺乳期后儿童饮食的决定因素相对研究较少。因此，本研究旨在确定幼儿的常见饮食模式，并探讨这些饮食模式的父母和儿童指标。该研究是荷兰鹿特丹的一项基于人群的前瞻性出生队列研究。使用了 2420 名 14 个月大的儿童的食物消费数据。使用主成分分析提取了“健康意识”饮食模式（以意大利面、水果、蔬菜、油、豆类和鱼类为特征）和“西式”饮食模式（以零食、动物脂肪、糖果和含糖饮料为特征）。低父亲教育程度、低家庭收入、父母吸烟、多胎、母亲 BMI、母亲碳水化合物摄入量和儿童看电视是“西式”饮食的决定因素，而父母年龄、怀孕期间膳食纤维摄入量、6 个月后引入固体食物和女性性别与儿童“西式”饮食呈负相关。母亲合并症、怀孕期间饮酒和女性性别与儿童“健康意识”饮食模式呈负相关，而单亲家庭、叶酸使用和怀孕期间膳食纤维摄入量与儿童“健康意识”饮食模式呈正相关。所有上述关联均具有统计学意义。总之，“西式”和“健康意识”饮食模式都可以在幼儿中识别出来。特别是，“西式”饮食的依从性与父母和儿童的不良生活方式因素以及低社会经济背景有关。这些发现可以为未来关于幼儿饮食模式和健康结果的流行病学研究提供基础。
