Voortman Trudy, Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C, Geelen Anouk, Villamor Eduardo, Moll Henriëtte A, de Jongste Johan C, Raat Hein, Hofman Albert, Jaddoe Vincent W V, Franco Oscar H, van den Hooven Edith H
The Generation R Study Group and Departments of Epidemiology
Departments of Epidemiology.
J Nutr. 2015 Feb;145(2):306-14. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.199349. Epub 2014 Dec 10.
Although many studies have examined health effects of infant feeding, studies on diet quality shortly after the weaning and lactation period are scarce.
Our aims were to develop and evaluate a diet score that measures overall diet quality in preschool children and to examine the sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of this score.
On the basis of national and international dietary guidelines for young children, we developed a diet score containing 10 components: intake of vegetables; fruit; bread and cereals; rice, pasta, potatoes, and legumes; dairy; meat and eggs; fish; oils and fats; candy and snacks; and sugar-sweetened beverages. The total score ranged from 0 to 10 on a continuous scale and was standardized to an energy intake of 1200 kcal/d with the residual method. The score was evaluated in 3629 children participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. Food consumption was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at a median age of 13 mo.
The mean ± SD diet score was 4.1 ± 1.3. The food-based diet score was positively associated with intakes of many nutrients, including n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids [FAs; 0.25 SD increase (95% CI: 0.22, 0.27) per 1 point increase in the diet score], dietary fiber [0.32 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.34)], and calcium [0.13 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.16)], and was inversely associated with intakes of sugars [-0.28 (95% CI: -0.31, -0.26)] and saturated fat [-0.03 (95% CI: -0.05, -0.01)]. A higher diet score was associated with several health-conscious behaviors, such as maternal folic acid supplement use during pregnancy, no smoking during pregnancy, and children watching less television.
We developed a novel food-based diet score for preschool children that could be applied in future studies to compare diet quality in early childhood and to investigate associations between diet in early childhood and growth, health, and development.
尽管许多研究已探讨婴儿喂养对健康的影响，但关于断奶和哺乳期后不久的饮食质量研究却很匮乏。
我们的目标是制定并评估一种衡量学龄前儿童总体饮食质量的饮食评分，并研究该评分的社会人口统计学和生活方式决定因素。
基于国内外针对幼儿的饮食指南，我们制定了一个包含10个组成部分的饮食评分：蔬菜摄入量；水果摄入量；面包和谷物摄入量；大米、面食、土豆和豆类摄入量；乳制品摄入量；肉类和蛋类摄入量；鱼类摄入量；油脂摄入量；糖果和零食摄入量；以及含糖饮料摄入量。总分在连续尺度上从0到10分，并使用残差法将其标准化为每日1200千卡的能量摄入量。在参与“R代研究”的3629名儿童中对该评分进行了评估，这是一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究。在儿童年龄中位数为13个月时，通过食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估食物消费情况。
饮食评分的均值±标准差为4.1±1.3。基于食物的饮食评分与多种营养素的摄入量呈正相关，包括n-3（ω-3）脂肪酸[每饮食评分增加1分，标准差增加0.25（95%置信区间：0.22，0.27）]、膳食纤维[0.32（95%置信区间：0.30，0.34）]和钙[0.13（95%置信区间：0.11，0.16）]，与糖的摄入量[-0.28（95%置信区间：-0.31，-0.26）]和饱和脂肪的摄入量[-0.03（95%置信区间：-0.05，-0.01）]呈负相关。较高的饮食评分与多种注重健康的行为相关，例如母亲在孕期使用叶酸补充剂、孕期不吸烟以及儿童看电视较少。
我们为学龄前儿童制定了一种新的基于食物的饮食评分，可应用于未来研究，以比较幼儿期的饮食质量，并调查幼儿期饮食与生长、健康和发育之间的关联。
