Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Mar;17(2):579-83. doi: 10.1007/s00784-012-0720-6. Epub 2012 Apr 3.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of dental erosion among competitive swimmers of the local swimming club in Szczecin, Poland, who train in closely monitored gas-chlorinated swimming pool water.
The population for this survey consisted of a group of junior competitive swimmers who had been training for an average of 7 years, a group of senior competitive swimmers who had been training for an average of 10 years, and a group of recreational swimmers. All subjects underwent a clinical dental examination and responded to a questionnaire regarding aspects of dental erosion. In pool water samples, the concentration of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, sodium, and potassium ions and pH were determined. The degree of hydroxyapatite saturation was also calculated.
Dental erosion was found in more than 26 % of the competitive swimmers and 10 % of the recreational swimmers. The lesions in competitive swimmers were on both the labial and palatal surfaces of the anterior teeth, whereas erosions in recreational swimmers developed exclusively on the palatal surfaces. Although the pH of the pool water was neutral, it was undersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite.
The factors that increase the risk of dental erosion include the duration of swimming and the amount of training. An increased risk of erosion may be related to undersaturation of pool water with hydroxyapatite components.
To decrease the risk of erosion in competitive swimmers, the degree of dental hydroxyapatite saturation should be a controlled parameter in pool water.
本研究旨在分析波兰什切青当地游泳俱乐部竞技游泳运动员中牙酸蚀症的患病率，这些运动员在经过严格监测的含氯气体游泳池水中训练。
本调查的研究对象包括一组平均训练 7 年的初级竞技游泳运动员、一组平均训练 10 年的高级竞技游泳运动员和一组娱乐性游泳运动员。所有受试者均接受临床牙科检查，并回答了一份关于牙酸蚀症方面的问卷。在泳池水中样本中，测定了钙、镁、磷酸盐、钠和钾离子的浓度以及 pH 值。还计算了羟磷灰石的饱和度。
在竞技游泳运动员中，超过 26%的人患有牙酸蚀症，而在娱乐性游泳运动员中，有 10%的人患有牙酸蚀症。竞技游泳运动员的病变位于前牙的唇面和腭面，而娱乐性游泳运动员的侵蚀仅发生在腭面。尽管泳池水的 pH 值呈中性，但相对于羟磷灰石来说是不饱和的。
增加牙酸蚀症风险的因素包括游泳时间和训练量。侵蚀风险的增加可能与泳池水中羟磷灰石成分的不饱和有关。
为了降低竞技游泳运动员的侵蚀风险，应将牙齿羟磷灰石饱和度作为泳池水的一个控制参数。
