Local Health Unit ASL TO3, Epidemiology Department, Piedmont Region, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2013 Apr;86(3):295-303. doi: 10.1007/s00420-012-0765-5. Epub 2012 Apr 3.
To examine the association between early retirement and presence of chronic morbidity in an Italian working population approaching the statutory pension age.
The study population consisted of men and women aged 45-59 years, employed at some time in the past (n = 18,547), who participated in a national cross-sectional survey, conducted in 2005. By means of a standardized questionnaire, information was collected on employment status, chronic diseases, and sociodemographics. The outcome was being retired as of the survey date. The association with number of diseases reported and specific long-term illnesses was assessed through multivariate Poisson regression models with robust standard errors, adjusted for potential confounders (p < 0.05).
In the final multivariable models, people with poorer health were more likely to retire earlier. Diseases of the nervous system, malignant tumors, myocardial infarction, other cardiac diseases, and arthrosis/arthritis were the illnesses most strongly associated with early retirement; furthermore, the risk of retirement increased linearly as the number of diseases reported increased. Among other covariates, age, area of residence, educational level, and occupational social class were also significantly associated with the outcome. Occupational social class significantly modified the association between morbidity and retirement in men, among whom a higher risk of retirement associated with morbidity was observed in the highest, compared with lower social classes.
A statistically significant and independent association between chronic morbidity and early retirement was observed among subjects approaching the statutory pension age, suggesting the need to develop interventions to improve prevention and treatment of chronic conditions.
研究接近法定退休年龄的意大利劳动人口中，提前退休与慢性发病的关系。
研究人群包括过去曾就业过（n=18547）、年龄在 45-59 岁的男性和女性，他们参加了 2005 年进行的一项全国性横断面调查。通过标准化问卷收集就业状况、慢性疾病和社会人口统计学信息。以调查日的退休状态为结局。采用多变量泊松回归模型，以稳健标准误差进行调整，调整潜在混杂因素（p<0.05），评估报告疾病数量与特定慢性疾病之间的关联。
在最终的多变量模型中，健康状况较差的人更有可能提前退休。神经系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、心肌梗死、其他心脏疾病和骨关节炎/关节炎是与提前退休关系最密切的疾病；此外，随着报告疾病数量的增加，退休的风险呈线性增加。在其他协变量中，年龄、居住地区、教育水平和职业社会阶层也与结局显著相关。职业社会阶层显著改变了男性中发病与退休之间的关联，与较低社会阶层相比，较高社会阶层中与发病相关的退休风险更高。
在接近法定退休年龄的人群中，慢性发病与提前退休之间存在显著的、独立的关联，表明需要制定干预措施，以改善慢性疾病的预防和治疗。
