Nečas Pavel, Hejna Petr
Department of Languages, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Šimkova 870, 500 38, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2012 Dec;8(4):395-401. doi: 10.1007/s12024-012-9328-z. Epub 2012 Apr 3.
The phenomenon of eponymous terms in forensic pathology is described in this paper. The authors analyzed representative textbooks (monographs) dealing with forensic pathology in both English and German and identified several eponymous terms. The paper aims to present to the reader the most important eponymous terms in forensic pathology. Included in the paper are the following terms: Beckwith's Sign, Casper's Rule, Krönlein's Shot, Lichtenberg's Figures, Nysten's Law, Paltauf's Spots, Puppe's Rule, Sehrt's Sign, Simon's Sign, Sveshnikov's Sign, Tardieu's Spots, Wischnewski Spots, Wydler's Sign. The spread of eponymous terms throughout various languages is mentioned. The linguistic basis of such terms as well as their advantages and disadvantages in specialist fields, and indeed in even wider circles, is discussed. The authors state that the main function of these terms is to facilitate the open flow of unambiguous information among scholars. Eponymous terms in forensic pathology are characteristic for the German speaking countries and for all countries influenced by the German school of forensic pathology. Their usage in the Anglo-Saxon world is much less widespread, meaning they do not occur very often in English monographs and textbooks.
本文描述了法医病理学中以人名命名术语的现象。作者分析了英文和德文的法医病理学代表性教科书（专著），并确定了几个以人名命名的术语。本文旨在向读者介绍法医病理学中最重要的以人名命名的术语。本文包括以下术语：贝克威思征、卡斯珀法则、克勒恩氏枪击伤、利希滕贝格图形、尼斯滕定律、帕尔陶夫斑、普佩法则、舍尔茨征、西蒙征、斯韦什尼科夫征、塔迪厄斑、维什涅夫斯基斑、维德勒征。文中提到了以人名命名的术语在各种语言中的传播情况。讨论了此类术语的语言基础及其在专业领域乃至更广泛领域中的优缺点。作者指出，这些术语的主要功能是促进学者之间明确无误信息的顺畅交流。法医病理学中的以人名命名的术语在德语国家以及所有受德国法医病理学派影响的国家具有特色。它们在盎格鲁-撒克逊世界的使用不太广泛，这意味着它们在英文专著和教科书中出现的频率不高。
