Gewirtz J L
Behav Anal. 1997 Fall;20(2):121-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03392769.
This paper introduces a special section on the contingency. Bower and Watson were invited to present their views of contingency learning in human infants from outside the context of behavior analysis, and Cigales, Marr, and Lattal and Shahan provided commentaries that point out some of the more interesting and controversial aspects of those views from a behavior-analytic perspective. The debate turns on how to conceptualize the response-stimulus contingency of operant learning. The present paper introduces the contingency concept and contingency detection by subjects, as well as research practices in behavior analysis, in a context in which the dependency between infant responding and the presentation of environmental consequences may be disrupted through procedures in which ordinarily consequent events occur before the response or in its absence. These points can relate to and serve as an introduction to the Bower and Watson papers on infant contingency learning as well as to the three commentaries that follow.
本文介绍了一个关于偶然性的特别板块。鲍尔和沃森受邀在行为分析背景之外阐述他们对人类婴儿偶然性学习的看法，西加莱斯、马尔、拉塔尔以及沙汉提供了评论，从行为分析的角度指出了这些观点中一些更有趣且有争议的方面。这场辩论围绕如何对操作性学习的反应 - 刺激偶然性进行概念化展开。本文在这样一种背景下介绍了偶然性概念以及被试对偶然性的察觉，还有行为分析中的研究实践，在这种背景下，婴儿反应与环境结果呈现之间的依赖关系可能会因通常随后出现的事件在反应之前或反应缺失时发生的程序而被打破。这些要点可以与鲍尔和沃森关于婴儿偶然性学习的论文以及随后的三篇评论相关联并作为其引言。
