Galbicka G, Platt J R
McMaster University.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1989 Jan;51(1):145-62. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1989.51-145.
A chamber containing 72 response keys defining the circumference of a circle 1 m in diameter was used to examine the relation between differentiation of response location and a measure of response-reinforcer contingency known as the phi coefficient. A different target key was specified in each successive phase, and response location was differentiated with respect to the target. Criterional and noncriterional responses (i.e., responses "near" and "far" from the target) were defined using targeted percentile schedules to control the overall probability of each response class. By manipulating criterional (and, hence, noncriterional) response probability and the reinforcement probabilities conditional on each, a mathematical invariance property peculiar to phi in contingency analysis was examined. Specifically, diagonally interchanging cell frequencies in a 2 x 2 table relating criterional/noncriterional responses to reinforcement/nonreinforcement leaves phi unchanged. Hence, the degree of response differentiation predicted by phi remains unchanged under the four permutations implied by the various diagonal interchanges. This predicted invariance was examined under values of phi equal to .33, .58, and .82. Increasing phi generally increased the stereotypy of response location. Three of the permutations generated almost interchangeable performance at different phi values. The remaining permutation, however, generated functions relating response concentration to phi with slopes shallower than those obtained under the other permutations. This resulted from relatively higher levels of differentiation, compared to the other permutations, at low phi values. These data strongly suggest boundary conditions on the ability of phi to reflect completely the local processes that are indexed by phi at a molar level.
一个包含72个响应键的腔室用于研究响应位置的区分与一种称为phi系数的响应-强化物 contingency 度量之间的关系，该腔室定义了一个直径为1米的圆的周长。在每个连续阶段指定一个不同的目标键，并根据目标区分响应位置。使用目标百分位数计划定义标准和非标准响应（即离目标“近”和“远”的响应），以控制每个响应类别的总体概率。通过操纵标准（以及非标准）响应概率以及基于每个概率的强化概率，研究了 contingency 分析中phi特有的数学不变性属性。具体而言，在一个将标准/非标准响应与强化/非强化相关联的2x2表中对角互换单元格频率，phi保持不变。因此，在各种对角互换所隐含的四种排列下，由phi预测的响应区分程度保持不变。在phi值等于0.33、0.58和0.82的情况下检验了这种预测的不变性。一般来说，增加phi会增加响应位置的刻板性。其中三种排列在不同的phi值下产生了几乎可互换的表现。然而，剩下的一种排列产生的将响应集中与phi相关联的函数的斜率比其他排列下获得的斜率更浅。这是因为与其他排列相比，在低phi值时具有相对较高的区分水平。这些数据有力地表明了phi在反映由phi在摩尔水平上索引的局部过程的能力方面的边界条件。
