Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2013 Mar;60(3):838-44. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2012.2192116. Epub 2012 Apr 3.
With chronic stroke survivors (n = 30), we investigated how upper extremity training with negative viscosity affects coordination under unperturbed conditions. Subjects trained with a planar robotic interface simulating 1) negative viscosity augmented to elbow and shoulder joints; 2) negative viscosity combined with inertia; or 3) a null-field condition. Two treatment groups practiced with both force conditions (cross-over design), while a control group practiced with a null-field condition. Training (exploratory movement) and evaluations (prescribed circular movement) alternated in several phases to facilitate transfer from forces to the null field. Negative viscosity expanded exploration especially in the sagittal axis, and resulted in significant within-day improvements. Both treatment groups exhibited next day retention unobserved in the control. Our results suggest enhanced learning from forces that induce a broader range of kinematics. This study supports the use of robot-assisted training that encourages active patient involvement by preserving efferent commands for driving movement.
我们对 30 名慢性中风幸存者进行了研究，探讨了在上肢训练中使用负粘滞力对非受扰条件下的协调能力的影响。研究对象通过平面机器人界面进行训练，该界面模拟了 1）负粘滞力增强到肘部和肩部关节；2）负粘滞力与惯性相结合；或 3）无场条件。两个治疗组在交叉设计中同时进行了两种力条件的训练，而对照组则进行了无场条件的训练。在几个阶段中，训练（探索性运动）和评估（规定的圆形运动）交替进行，以促进从力到无场的转移。负粘滞力特别在矢状轴上扩大了探索范围，并导致了当天的显著改善。两个治疗组都表现出了在对照组中未观察到的次日保留。我们的结果表明，从诱导更广泛运动学范围的力中可以获得增强的学习效果。这项研究支持使用机器人辅助训练，通过保留用于驱动运动的传出命令，鼓励患者积极参与。
