Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain.
Food Nutr Res. 2012;56. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5459. Epub 2012 Apr 2.
Historically, food fortification has served as a tool to address population-wide nutrient deficiencies such as rickets by vitamin D fortified milk. This article discusses the different policy strategies to be used today. Mandatory or voluntary fortification and fortified foods, which the consumer needs, also have to comply with nutritional, regulatory, food safety and technical issues. The 'worldwide map of vitamin fortification' is analysed, including differences between develop and developing countries. The vitamins, folate and vitamin D, are taken as practical examples in the review of the beneficial effect of different strategies on public health. The importance of the risk-benefit aspect, as well as how to identify the risk groups, and the food vehicles for fortification is discussed.
从历史上看，食物强化一直是解决人群普遍营养缺乏的一种手段，例如通过维生素 D 强化牛奶来预防佝偻病。本文讨论了当今可使用的不同政策策略。强制性或自愿性强化以及消费者所需的强化食品，也必须符合营养、监管、食品安全和技术问题。分析了“维生素强化的世界地图”，包括发达国家和发展中国家之间的差异。在审查不同策略对公共健康的有益影响时，以维生素、叶酸和维生素 D 作为实际例子。本文还讨论了风险-效益方面的重要性，以及如何确定风险群体以及强化食品的载体。
